Lecture 3 - Posture ax Flashcards
What is a “correct posture”
“Position in which minimum stress is placed upon each joints”
What is a “faulty position”
“Any static position that increases the stress to joints”
Primary curves at birth (1)
Concave forward (kyphotic) - thoracic
Secondary curves (2)
Cervical lordosis - extended (heads up)
Lumbar lordosis - extended (sitting, walking)
Anterior plumb line (5)
Nose
Sternum
Xyphoid process
Umbilicus
Pubic symphysis
Posterior plumb line
All spinous processes down to the sacrum
Side plumb line (5)
External acoustic meatus
AC joint
Greater trochanter
Lateral condyle
Lateral malleolus
Two causes of poor posture
Postural (positional) OR structural factors
Anatomical factors affecting posture (7)
Bone contours
Laxity of ligament
Fascial/muscle tightness
Muscle tonus
Pelvic angle
Joint position and mobility
Neurogenic causes
Structural factors affecting posture (4)
Congenital issues
Developmental
Scoliosis
Disc trauma/diseases
Non-structural factors affecting posture (4)
Repeated positioning
Muscle (weakness, inflexibility, etc.)
Pain
Respiratory issues
Abnormal exaggeration of lumbar curve OR excessive anterior curve at lumbar
Lordosis
Causes of lordosis (4)
Congenital deformities
Weak abdominal musculature
Poor posture
Activities with excessive hyperextension
Characteristics of swayback (5)
Anterior pelvis causing hip extension (posterior tilt)
Lordosis is reduced (flexion)
Increased kyphosis (long)
Knees hyperextended
Forward head
Characteristics of kyphosis (4)
Excessive curve of thoracic spine
Congenital
Idiopathic
Secondary to osteoporosis
Lateral curvature of spine, C or S curve
Scoliosis
Characteristics of scoliosis (4)
Structural
Nonstructural (functional)
Commonly idiopathic
Symptoms vary with severity
What is the Cobb angle?
Angle between inferior vertebrae and superior vertebrae of the same curve
Cobb angle for moderate
20-45 degrees
Functional vs structural scoliosis - Structural results from ____
Abnormal bone architecture (stays with fwd flex)
Functional vs structural scoliosis - Functional results from ____
Soft tissue (disappears with fwd flex)
Example of adaptation to scoliosis - slides
See p. 28 lecture 3
Additional posture ax (3)
Leg length measure
Thomas or Modified thomas test
Slump test
Basic corrections to posture for functional - Strengthen what?
Weak muscles/tissue
Basic corrections to posture for functional - stretch what?
Short muscles/tissue
