lecture 3 - pharmicokinetics Flashcards
what is the drive theory?
the idea that body has innate urges that increase until they are temporarily met
how does the drive theory relate to drug use?
repeated drug use generates the “drive” to seek the effects of the drug even more
what is drive theory based on?
the disruption of homeostasis due to urges
what occurs if you ignore an urge?
it intensifies until you satisfy it
what is opponent-process theory?
the effects of a drug are counteracted by the body in an attempt to maintain homeostasis
what occurs if the counteracting effects outweigh the drug’s effects ( you stop using drugs)?
the person experiences withdrawal - which is why an addict uses more to avoid the withdrawal
when does drug addiction begin?
the shift from how much a drug is liked to how much the drug is wanted
what does the incentive salience model tell about drug use?
drug use command the user’s attention through cravings - people continue to use drugs not because it is pleasant, but because they have intense cravings
where is the liking and wanting parts of drugs in the brain?
liking and wanting are both in limbic system
liking: orbitofrontal cortex
wanting: striatum
what is drug dependence?
the physiological change where the body is adapted to repeated drug use
what does drug dependence affect?
it affects your tolerance of the drug causing you to require more for a higher effect
what is the conditioned compensatory response?
the idea that your body has automatic responses that it learns following repeated drug use
what is addiction?
compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences
what is the 3 stage cycle of addiction?
- intoxication
- withdrawal
- preoccupation/anticipation
what is intoxication?
when the drug creates an impaired state
why is addiction continued ?
taking the drug to avoid the unpleasant aspects of withdrawal
what is the preoccupation and anticipation of drugs?
preoccupation with obtaining persistent physical/physiological problems
what are ways to treat substance use disorders?
- detox - removing drug from system
- manage withdrawal symptoms
- prevent relapse through therapy and pharmaceuticals
into what groups are pharmaceutical sciences divided?
- pharmaceutics
- pharmacokinetics
- pharmacodynamics
what is pharmacokinetics?
how drugs are absorbed and passed through the body
what is bioavailability?
amount of drug administered that enters blood circulation & can reach target site
what is dose?
specified amount of medication/ substance administered at one time
what is dosage?
amount, number, & frequency of doses over a specific period
what is absorption in pharmacokinetics?
the movement of drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream/ circulatory system