Lecture 3: Overview of Psychological Treatments Flashcards
What are the different ways of objectifying and quantifying change?
- Self-Report Ratings
- Clinician Ratings
- Third-Party Ratings
- “Objective” Measures
- Overt Behaviours
What is psychopharmacology?
The use of medications to treat mental disorders
What are the 3 key elements of therapeutic alliance?
- A sense of working collaboratively on a problem
- Agreement between patient and therapist about the goals and tasks of therapy
- An affective bond between patient and therapist
What is psychodynamic therapy?
A broad treatment approach that focuses on individual personality dynamics, usually from a psychoanalytic or psychoanalytically derived perspective
What are the 4 basic techniques of Freudian Psychoanalysis?
- Free association
- Analysis of dreams
- Analysis of resistance
- Analysis of transference
What is transference neurosis?
When past emotional wounds are re-experienced in therapy
What is countertransference?
When the therapist reacts emotionally based on the patient’s projections, rather than staying neutral
What are some criticisms of classical psychoanalysis?
- Time-consuming and expensive
- Questionable foundation
- Ignores immediate problems
- Lacks strong scientific proof
What is exposure therapy?
Helping people face their fears instead of avoiding them
What are 2 types of exposure?
- Slow and gradual (Systematic Desensitisation)
- All at once (Flooding)
2 ways to expose someone to fears
- Real-life exposure (In Vivo Exposure)
- Imaginary exposure (Imaginal exposure)
What is a token economy?
A token economy resembles the outside world - an individual is paid for his or her work in tokens that can be exchanged for desired objects and activities
What is REBT?
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy identifies harmful thoughts that cause negative emotions, challenges and replaces those thoughts with rational, realistic ones.
What does Beck’s Cognitive Therapy do?
Helps people recognise negative automatic thoughts. Encourages challenging and correcting those thoughts. improves emotional responses and decision making.
What does client-centered therapy do?
Encourage self-acceptance, use non-directive techniques, build a supportive relationship and align self-concept with reality
What is motivational interviewing (MI)?
Short-term therapy that helps people who are unsure about making changes, especially in areas like addiction and substance abuse.
What are some criticisms of the humanistic-experiential therapy?
Lack clear, structured methods, making it unclear what the therapist and client should do
What is structural family therapy?
Focuses on changing family dynamics to create a healthier environment, based on the idea that changing family structure leads to different behaviours.
What is eclecticism?
Therapists select techniques from different therapies based on what works best for the individual
What is electroconvulsive therapy?
Treatment that uses electrical currents to cause controlled seizures in the brain to hep with mental illnesses.
How does ECT work?
Changes brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) and increases the availability of norepinephrine, which affects mood and mental function.
What are the 2 types of ECT?
Bilateral & Unilateral
What is TMS?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is a non-invasive treatment where a magnet is placed on the scalp to create an electrical field
