Lecture 3 - Neurulation from neural plate to neural tube Flashcards
anti-sense probe
shows were chordin or SOX2 is expressed - takes time for chordin to diffuse away and form a neural plate
parts of the plate that form brain and spinal cord
wider part of plate is the brain and the narrow end is the spinal cord
how is human neural tissue made?
by induced fleuropotent stem cells by inhibiting BMP signalling and look at expression of SOX2 antibody
what do organiser cells differentiate into?
axial mesoderm which is composed of prechordal mesoderm and notochord
what happens to axial mesoderm
involutes, intercalates and undergoes convergent extension to form a rod of cells
features of neural inducers
- molecule expressed in organiser cells
- molecule is secreted and act on adjacent cells
- inhibits activity
overexpression of neural inducer
in an ectopic site should lead to induction of secondary axis
what happens are neural plate is induced
it grows and elongates along the A-P axis and rolls into tube - neurulation
A-P regions are the last to roll up
how to look at neurulation
by expression of SOX2
what process is neurulation linked to?
gastrulation
what is gastrulation
where the embryo is transformed from a 1D layer of cells into a multi-layered embryo in which the adult body plan is recognisable.
- germ layers at final positions and axes become obvious
where does the rod of cells go?
underneath the neural plate as the axial mesoderm drags the ectoderm with it
genes for neurulation
transcribes the organisation of neurulation by dictating cell shape, cell polarity and ability to proliferate
spina bifida
a condition where the A-P regions do not close properly
