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Comparative Anatomy > Lecture 3 Neck and Nasal Cavities > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Neck and Nasal Cavities Flashcards

1
Q
  1. 1?
  2. 2?
  3. how can you distinquish the two?
A
  1. alar foramen
  2. Lateral foramen
  3. If you stick a probe into lateral foramen it will go into the vertebral foramen
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2
Q

do ruminants have transverse foramen on C1?

A

no!

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3
Q

2?

A

transverse foramen

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4
Q

What is different about the dens process in large animals

A

The dens process is short and wide, spout like

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5
Q

what is this an image of?

A

general cervical vertebrae C3-C6

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6
Q
  1. ?
  2. ?
  3. ?
A
  1. Spinous process
  2. cranial articulation process
  3. caudal articulation process
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7
Q

4?

5?

A

4- transverse process

5- transverse foramen

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8
Q
  1. Which vertebrae make up transverse canal in ruminants?
  2. horses?
A
  1. Ruminant transverse canal = c2-c6
  2. Horse= c1-c6
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9
Q

what is located in the transverse canal?

A

vertebral artery, vein and nerve

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10
Q
  1. what type of nerve is the vertebral nerve?
  2. innervation from what?
A
  1. post ganglionic sympathetic innervation from
  2. cervicothoracic ganglion
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11
Q

What is special about C7? (4 things)

A
  1. No transverse foramen
  2. Spinous process on C7 is higher than rest of cervical vertebrae
  3. body is shorter
  4. First rib can articulate with c7
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12
Q

1?

2?

A
  1. supraspinous ligament
  2. nuchal ligament
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13
Q

3?

4?

A

3- laminar part of nuchal ligament

4- Funicular part of nuchal ligament

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14
Q

5?

6?

7?

A

5- supraspinous bursa

6- cranial nuchal bursa

7- caudal nuchal bursa

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15
Q
  1. How is the nuchal ligament different in herbivores than dogs?
  2. what does it do?
A
  1. Nuchal ligament in dog terminates in C2
    • Herbivore will go all the way to the head
  2. support the head and help raise the head
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16
Q

in horses which spinal bursas are present at birth?

A

supraspinous bursa

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17
Q

which bursa is more common in the horse?

  • cranial or caudal nuchal bursa
A

cranial

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18
Q

what is special about the spinal bursas in the bovine?

A
  1. supraspinous developed in postnatal period
  2. Some might have cranial and caudal nuchal bursa but not common
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19
Q
  1. in what general location are the vertebral bodies in the neck of a herbivore?
  2. why is this important?
A
  1. ventral 1/3rd
  2. Right above is a triangular muscular area good for IM injections
20
Q
  • 1?
  • 3?
  • what species?
A
  • 1- sternomandibularis
  • 3- cleidomastoideus
  • horse
21
Q
  1. 1?
  2. 2?
  3. what species is this?
A
  1. sternomandibularis
  2. sternomastoideus
  3. bovine
22
Q

3?

4?

5?

A

3- cleidocephalicus

4- cleidooccipitalis

5- cleidocephalicus

23
Q

what is different about the neck muscles in a goat vs a bovine

A
  • no sternomandibularis
  • in goats it goes to the zygomatic arch, called sternozygomaticus
24
Q

what is different about neck muscles in sheep?

A

do not have sterndomandibularis or sternozygomaticus

25
Q

2?

3?

4?

A

2- cleidooccipitalis

3- cleidomastoideus

4- sternomandibularis

27
Q

5?

10?

11?

A

5- sternomastoideus

10- sternothyroideus (lateral)

11- sternohyoideus (medial)

28
Q
  • 9?
    • What is special about this one?
  • 22?
A
  • 9- omohyoideus
    • origin is not from shoulder!!
    • It is from fascia overlying from C3 and C4!!
  • 22- omotransversaris
29
Q

what happens when trying to medicate a bovine and hyperextending the neck

A

Cannot hyperextend neck because it will affect swallowing because of sternohyoideus

30
Q

1?

2?

A
  1. Cleidomastoideus
  2. Sternomandibularis
31
Q
  • 10?
  • what is different about this muscle in horses?
A
  • Sternothyrohyoideus
  • Will spit into Sternohyoideus and Sternothyroideus ver close to insertion
32
Q
  1. 1?
  2. 2?
  3. what species?
A
  1. Dorsal: Cleidomastoideus
  2. Ventral: Sternomandibularis
  3. Horse!
33
Q

3?

4?

5?

A
  • 3- Deep: Omohyoideus
  • Funicular part of nuchal ligament
  • Laminar part of nuchal ligament
34
Q

24?

25?

26?

27?

A

24- common carotid

25- jugular vein

26- Reccurrent laryngeal

27- Vagosympathetic trunk

35
Q
  1. would you want to give an iv injection in this portion of the neck?
  2. why?
A
  1. no!
  2. jugular vein is close to common carotid
    • can inject in common carotid (bad could kill the horse)
    • can inject perivascular and cause nerve damage/ irritation to vagus and recurrent laryngeal
36
Q

where would you want to give an IV injection in a horse in the neck area?

A

jugual vein near the C4 region as it has the deep omohyoideus seperating jugualar from common carotid, vagus, reccurent laryngeal

37
Q

where is the esophagous located in the cervical portion relative to trachea

A

left!

38
Q
  1. which species’s thymus is 1?
    • at what age will it get smaller?
  2. 2?
A
  1. bovine
    • 9 months
  2. pig
39
Q

which species’s thymus is 3?

4?

A

3- horse

4- dog

40
Q
  1. What is 1?
  2. 2?
    • why is this important to know
A
  1. Nasolacrimal opening
  2. Nasal diverticulum-
    • blind ended pouch, doesn’t go anywhere
    • want to pass tubes ventral to avoid it
41
Q
  1. ?
  2. ?
A
  1. alar cartilage
  2. lamina of the alar cartilage
42
Q

What is special about the nostril of a horse?

A
  • no lateral cartilage supporting it
  • can dilate it to allow more air for breathing and exercise
43
Q

what muscle dilates the nostril?

A

caninus muscle

44
Q

11?

12?

13?

14?

A

11- Common nasal meatus

12- Dorsal nasal meatus

13- middle nasal meatus

14- ventral nasal meatus

45
Q
  1. ?
  2. ?
  3. ?
A
  1. Dorsal nasal chonchae
  2. ventral nasal chonchae
  3. ethmoidal chonchae
46
Q
  1. what are the blue lines refering too?
  2. why is this important?
A
  1. ethmoidal nasal chonchae is very vascular
  2. can be easily damaged by probes or nasal tubes
47
Q
  1. What is another name for choncae?
  2. what nasal meatus do you want to pass a nasal tube?
A
  1. turbinates
  2. ventral nasal meatus

Comparative Anatomy (6 decks)

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