Lecture 1 Head and Neck Flashcards
1
Q
- Why are horse and cattle’s heads elongated past the orbit?
- what is the result of not having much subcutaneous tissue on the head?
A
- It increases surface area for muscles like more muscles of mastication
- Allows greater area for teeth to be implanted
- If have blunt force trauma, will have laceration on skin because they don’t have tissue to cushion impact
2
Q
what is the difference between a calf skull and adult skull’s shape?
A
- Calf skull is dome shaped
- Adult is pyramidal shaped
3
Q
- What is this a skull of?
- what is it
- what bone is it a part of
- What is this space called
- what muscle is found here
A
- ox
- temporal line
- on frontal bone
- temporal fossa
- temporalis muscle found here
4
Q
- 3
- 4
- what is special about cattle’s upper teeth
A
- 3- facial tuberosity
- 4- cornual process
- only found on horned cattle
- Ruminants do not have upper incisors or canines
5
Q
- What is this a skull of?
- what is it
- what muscle originates from here
- what is it
- what is special regarding the orbit in large animals
A
- Horse
- facial crest
- Masseter muscle origin from facial crest
- nasoincisive notch
- orbit is completely bony
6
Q
- If you want to provide regional anesthesia to the front of the face where would you want to do it?
- how do you approach it?
A
- infraorbital foramen
- Go from rostral point of facial crest up to the nasoincisive notch, and halfway point Is the infraorbital foramen
7
Q
- What is this a skull of?
- what is this
- What other species like this one is this different in?
- what is this
- what will be located here?
A
- sheep
- Roman nose
- Goats will be flat
- External lacrimal fossa
- infraorbital pouch (gland)
8
Q
3- what would be here?
4
A
3- Cornual process will be here if horned
4- Facial tuberosity
9
Q
- what is different between cornual process on small ruminants vs cattle?
- what bone are they on?
A
- Horns are more rostrally located in smaller ruminants
- frontal bone
10
Q
- what is this a skull of?
1. what is this?
A
- pig
1. os rostrale (only pigs have)
11
Q
- 3?
- 4?
- what runs through here?
A
- Ethmoid foramen
- Optic canal
- Cranial nerve II (optic)
12
Q
- 5?
- what runs through here
A
- 5- Orbital fissure
- Cranial nerves
- 3 (oculomotor)
- 4 (trochlear)
- 5, (ophthalmic branch of trigeminal)
- 6 (abducent)
13
Q
- 6?
- what runs through here
A
- 6- rostral alar foramen
- Maxillary artery, maxillary branch of trigeminal
14
Q
- what is right behind 6?
- what runs through here?
A
- round foramen
- Maxillary branch of trigeminal
15
Q
- 7?
- what runs through here?
A
- caudal alar foramen
- Maxillary artery
16
Q
- 8?
- what runs through here
A
- 8- oval foramen
- mandibular branch of trigeminal
17
Q
- what is it?
- what is it?
- what runs through here
A
- ethmoid foramen
- optic canal
- cranial nerve 2
18
Q
- what is 3
- what runs through here?
A
- 3- foramen orbitorotundum
- Cranial nerve 3, 4, 6, ophthalmic and maxillary branch of trigeminal
19
Q
- What is 4
- what runs through here?
A
- Oval foramen-
- mandibular branch of trigeminal
20
Q
- What species is this?
- 4?
- what runs through here?
A
- dog
- 4- jugular foramen
- cranial nerves 9, 10, 11
21
Q
5?
7?
9?
A
- 5- suture line in dogs
- 7- carotid foramen
- 9- oval foramen
22
Q
- what is 4?
- what is 5?
- 9?
- what species is this?
A
- 4- Jugular foramen
- 5- fissure
- 9- Oval foramen
- ox
23
Q
- what is 5?
- what is it made up of?
- What species?
A
- foramen lacerum
- includes jugular, oval and carotid foramen
- pig
24
Q
- what is 5?
- what species?
- what runs through here?
A
- foramen lacerum
- horse
- Mandibular branch trigeminal,
- internal carotid artery and nerve
- cranial nerves 9,10,11
25
Q
- what is 1?
- what species?
A
26
Q
what is different from the foramen on the side of the skull starting from ethmoid foramen to the caudal alar foramen from a dog and horse?
A
- its the same!
- Ethmoid foramen, optic canal, orbital fissure, rostral alar, caudal alar
