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Oral Rad Path Midterm 2 > Lecture 3 - Miscellaneous Radiopacities > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Miscellaneous Radiopacities Flashcards

1
Q

What can you see on a radiograph?

A

Tooth
Bone
Calcification
Foreign bodies

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2
Q

Sialolith

A

Calcification of salivary gland

Most commonly in Wharton’s duct of submandibular gland

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3
Q

Sialolith Clinical Features

A 
Intermittent pain (worse before mealtimes)
Intermittent swelling
Palpable and tender
Xerostomia if complete obstruction
Can cause infection
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4
Q

Sialolith Radiographic features

A

~50% radiopaque

Located at site of salivary glands

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5
Q

Sialolith Ddx

A

Mucous plug

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6
Q

Lymph Node Calcification Clinical Features

A

Calcification in chronically inflamed LN
Asymptomatic
More common in submandibular and cervical nodes

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7
Q

Lymph Node Calcification Radiographic Features

A

Multiple lobules
Cauliflower shaped
Runs down cervical chain
Lateral and anterior to nasopharynx

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8
Q

Lymph Node Calcification DDx

A

Idiopathic
Tuberculosis
Carotid artery calcification (more posterior)
Sialolith (smoother and symptomatic)
Phlebolith (smaller, multiple, radiolucent ring)

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9
Q

Carotid Artery Calcification

A

Monckeberg’s Medial Calcinosis (arteriosclerosis)
or
calcified atherosclerotic plaque

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10
Q

Carotid Artery Calcification Clinical Features

A 
Initially asymptomatic
Vascular insufficency may lead to:
-cutaneous gangrene
-peripheral vascular disease
-myositis
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11
Q

Carotid Artery Calcification Radiographic Features

A

Calcification in front of vertebrae
Monckeberg’s Medial Calcinosis appears as thin line “tram-track” appearance
Calcified atherosclerotic plaques appear as multiple, irregularly shaped califications near the hyoid bone

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12
Q

Carotid Artery Calcification DDx

A

Calcified triticeous cartilage (uniform size and shape, in laryngeal cartilage skeleton, innocuous)

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13
Q

Tonsillolith Clinical Features

A

Calcified material in tonsils (most commonly palatine tonsils)

Mostly asymptomatic
May cause pain when swallowing
May cause halitosis

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14
Q

Tonsillolith Radiographic Features

A

On PAN, appear higher than actual tonsils

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15
Q

Tonsillolith DDx

A 
Dense bone island
Foreign body
Calcified granuloma
Malignancy
Enlarged temporal styloid process
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16
Q

Anthrolith

A

Mineralized masses in maxillary sinus

Extrinsic (entered the sinus) or Intrinsic (mineralized within the sinus)

17
Q

Anthrolith Clinical Features

A 
Usually asymptomatic
Incidental findings on radiograph
Sinusitis
Blood-stained nasal discharge
Nasal obstruction
Facial pain
18
Q

Anthrolith Radiographic Features

A 
Located in maxillary sinus
Well-defined periphery
Smooth or irregular shape
Free-floating, not attached to sinus wall
May have radiolucent center
19
Q

Anthrolith DDx

A

Root fragment in sinus (check for root canal)

Rhinolith (calcifications in nasal fossae, determine location w/ PA and lateral skull views)

20
Q

Phlebolith

A

Calcified thrombi in veins, venules, or sinusoidal vessels of hemangiomas.
Caused by venous stagnation.
Occur in multiples

21
Q

Phlebolith Clinical Features

A

In head and neck: usually indicates a hemangioma
Soft tissue can be swollen, throbbing, and discolored
Tissue blanches with pressure
Bruit with auscultation (if cavernous hemangioma)

22
Q

Phlebolith Radiographic Features

A

Commonly located in hemangiomas
Round or oval cross-section, follows shape of vessel
s-eye laminations

23
Q

Phlebolith DDx

A

Sialolith (usually singular)

24
Q

Osteoma Cutis

A

Rare soft tissue ossification of the skin

Only treated for cosmetic reasons

25
Q

Osteoma Cutis Histologic Features

A

Dense viable bone in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue

26
Q

Osteoma Cutis Radiographic Features

A

Located in the skin (cheek and lip)
May overlay tooth root or alveolar process
Smooth, washer-shaped (donut appearance)
Single or multiple
0.1-0.5 cm
May have radiolucent center (normal fatty marrow)

27
Q

Osteoma Cutis DDx

A 
Myositis ossificans (usually greater proportions)
Calcinosis cutis
Osteoma mucosae (usually deeper)
28
Q

Rhinolith

A

Calcification in nose
Arises from deposition of nasal, lacrimal, and inflammatory mineral salts

Also from foreign bodies (mostly kids)

29
Q

Rhinolith Clinical Features

A

Usually asymptomatic

Mass can expand, impinge on mucosa, and cause pain

30
Q

Stylohyoid Ligament Calcification/Ossification

A

Usually bilateral
Ossification usually extends downward from base of skull
Detectable by palpation
Usually asymptomatic

31
Q

Eagle Syndrome

A

Subtype of Stylohyoid Ligament Ossification
History of trauma (tonsillectomy)
Cranial nerve impingement (V, VII, IX, X, or XII)
Vague pharyneal pain on swallowing, turning head, or openning mouth
Tinnitus or otalgia (ear ache)

32
Q

Stylohyoid Ligament Ossification Radiographic Features

A

Seen on PAN
Thin, linear opacity extends forward from the mastoid process and crosses postero-inferior aspect of ramus towards the hyoid bone

Oral Rad Path Midterm 2 (11 decks)

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