Lecture 3: Lymphadenopathy in Children Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important component of the work-up for LAD?

A

History and Physical

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2
Q

An enlarged LN in which location is always considered not normal?

A

Supraclavicular

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3
Q

A LN of which size is considrered “enlarged?”

A

≥2 cm

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4
Q

Firm and rubbery lymph nodes should make you think what?

A

Possibly lymphoma

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5
Q

What are 3 indications for biopsying a LN?

A
  • If watchful waiting is the plan, but the nodes never get better
  • If plan included Abx, but 4-6 wks after treatment the nodes are no smaller (or if they are bigger)
  • Right away if an enlarged supraclacvicular node palpated along w/ findings consistent w/ malignancy i.e., B-symptoms
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6
Q

What is a complications which may arise in the eye associated with Cat Scratch Disease?

A

Neuroretinitis

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7
Q

In regards to tumor-like lesions, what does Heterotopic refer to?

A

Microscopically normal cells or tissues that are present in abnormal locations i.e., pancreatic tissue in wall of stomach

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8
Q

In regards to tumor-like lesions, what does Hamartoma refer to?

A

Excessive, focal overgrowth of cells and tissues native to the organ in which it occurs; benign histology

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9
Q

What are the most common tumors of infancy; where are they most commonly seen?

A
  • Hemangiomas: either cavernous or capillary
  • Most commonly in the skin: if large/flat = port wine stain
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10
Q

Differentiate fibromatosis from fibrosarcoma?

A
  • Fibromatosis = sparsely cellular proliferation of spindle-shaped cells
  • Fibrosarcoma = richly cellular lesions
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11
Q

What is the most common location for Teratomas?

A

Sacrococcygeal

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12
Q

List the 5 sites most frequnt sites of origin for the childhood cancer

A
  • Hematopoietic system
  • Nervous tissue
  • Soft tissues
  • Bone
  • Kidney
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13
Q

Which malignancy in children younger than age 15 accounts for more deaths than all other malignant tumors combined?

A

Leukemia

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14
Q

What is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood?

A

Neuroblastoma

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15
Q

In children <2 y/o, what is the usual presentation of Neuroblastoma?

A
  • Fever + large abdominal mass + possible weight loss
  • In infants, disseminated dz may present w/ multiple cutaneous metastases causing a blue color aka “blueberry muffin baby.”
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16
Q

What do Neuroblastomas produce which can be an important diagnostic feature?

A

Catecholamines; ↑ urine VMA and HVA

17
Q

The peak incidence of Wilms tumor is btw what ages?

A

2-5 y/o; with 95% occurring before age 10

18
Q

The risk of Wilms tumor is increases with what 3 recognizable groups of congenital malformations?

A
  • WAGR syndrome: Wilms tumor + Aniridia + Genital anomalies + Retardation
  • Denys-Drash syndrome: gonadal dysgenesis + early-onset nephropathy
  • Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: macroglossia + hemihypertrophy + omphalocele
19
Q

What are some of the potential presenting findings/sx’s of Wilms tumors?

A
  • A large abdominal mass
  • Hematuria
  • Pain in the abdomen after some traumatic accident
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • HTN
  • Pulmonary metastases after onset of dx