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HUMA1860A: The Nature of Religion: An Introduction > Lecture 3: Judaism 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Judaism 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is in the Holy Ark in Italy?

A
  • Torah scrolls
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2
Q

what is the Yad, hand or Torah pointer used for?

A

to help read the Torah

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3
Q

who was Herod the Great?

A

Roman ruler who ruled over the Roman territory of Judea but he appreciated Jewish religious traditions and helped renovate the temple in Jerusalem before its destruction

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4
Q

who was Roman general Pompey?

A

sent to settle the dispute(rivalry among the various contenders for the Hasmonean throne) but he established rule over the territory

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5
Q

what were the Jewish Revolts?

A
  1. the Maccabean Revolt
  2. the Zealots (temple was destroyed as result)
  3. Simon bae Kokhba (Jews were expelled from the Holy Land after)
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6
Q

conflict among who eventually led to a bloody civil war?

A

among the Hasmonean Leaders

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7
Q

the Romans ruled over the territory for how many years before the second temple was destroyed in Jerusalem?

A

over 100

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8
Q

what is Judea?

A

the Roman name for the province around Jerusalem

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9
Q

how was the Hasmonean dynasty ended? when?

A

in 37 BCE the Romans put an end to the Hasmonean dynasty by naming Herod the Great king of Israel

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10
Q

because of the destruction of the second temple, the ritual sacrifices were replaced because the priests were the ones that did the rituals. what was it replaced with?

A

ritualistic interpretation of the oral and written Torah. Caused the beginning of Rabbinic Judaism

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11
Q

what dimension of religion is emphasized when Judaism transitions from Priests to Rabbis?

A

institutional/Social

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12
Q

when was the Rabbinic Period?

A

70-700 CE

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13
Q

by the end of the first century CE, the majority of Jews were living where?

A

outside of Judea

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14
Q

the written form of the Oral Torah is called?

A

Mishnah

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15
Q

when was the last Jewish revolt against Roman rule?

A

between 132 and 135 CE

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16
Q

the foundational literature of rabbinic Judaism reflects the interests and concerns of who?

A

the male rabbis

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17
Q

what are the two major parts of the Talmud?

A

Mishnah and Gemara

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18
Q

what is the Gemara?

A

commentaries on the Mishnah that were written by Rabbis over the generations and old commentaries are added to

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19
Q

The Gemara contains both Halakhah (legal material) and _________ (narrative material)

A

Aggadah

20
Q

what are the two Talmuds?

A
  1. Palestine (Jerusalem) Talmud
  2. Babylonian Talmud
21
Q

what is the difference between the two Talmuds?

A

the Gemara. the interpretations and commentaries

22
Q

what did Christianity begin from?

A

a sect of Judiasm

23
Q

what happened in Christianity in 380 CE?

A

Christianity was decreed the official religion of the Roman Empire. All inhabitants of the Byzantine Empire were expected to practice the Christian faith

24
Q

what does Paganism refer to?

A

pre-Christian religion

25
Q

by the end of the second century, most people joining Christianity were?

A

non-Jews (Gentiles)

26
Q

what Gospel blames the Jews for the death of Jesus? (anti-semitism in ancient history)

A

Gospel of Matthew

27
Q

what were the 3 persian empires?

A
  1. Achaemenid Empire
  2. Parthian Empire
  3. Sassanid Empire
28
Q

who gave Christians the liberty to practice their faith in 313?

A

the Roman emperor Constantine I

29
Q

why does the professor point out that Islam, Judaism and Christianity are all exclusivist traditions?

A

because they all have incompatible doctrines
- all believe something different about Jesus

30
Q

how is Jesus viewed in Islam?

A

as a prophet and nothing more

31
Q

how is Jesus viewed in Christianitiy?

A

as the Messiah, fully human an fully divine

32
Q

how is Jesus viewed in Judaism?

A

as someone who faked being the Messiah. they believe the Messiah is yet to come

33
Q

what were the leaders of the Talmudic academies called?

A

Gaonim

34
Q

what was Maimonides famous for?

A

a 14-volume code of Jewish law called Mishneh Torah

35
Q

what was Maimonides most important philosophical work?

A

“The Guide of the Perplexed”

36
Q

In all three eastern traditions, in terms of the medieval philosophical dimension, there is an attempt to claim that philosophy and reason are compatible with?

A

faith

37
Q

why was the Spanish inquisition initially established?

A

to persecute Jews who were believed to be practicing Jewish rituals in secret

38
Q

what does the “Kabbalah” mean?

A

to receive

39
Q

when does the Kabbalah appear to date?

A

from the twelfth century when many Jews took a renewed interest in mysticism in response to the pain caused by the expulsion from Spain and other Christian lands

40
Q

what is the most authoritative Kabbalah text?

A

the commentary on the Five Books of Moses called the Zohar thought to have been written by Moses de Leon (a 13th century Spanish-Jewish Mystic)

41
Q

what is Isaac Lurias best known concept of Lurianic teachings?

A

the concept of ‘tikkun olam’, the process of restoring the created order to its original state
- he claims that after creation, there is a sense of unity established that Gods creation brought form and order but there we divine sparks that bursted us under a vessel in which they were contained and part of this process of ‘tikkun olan’ (mending the world) consisted in trying to restore the original sense of unity.

ESSENTIALLY:
Tikkun: restoration of the original balance of the ten Sefirot

42
Q

what are the 10 eminations (Sefirot) of the divine?

A
  • crown
  • wisdom
  • understanding
  • loving kindness
  • might
  • beauty
  • splendor
  • victory
  • foundation
  • sovereignty
43
Q

who was the founder of Hasidism?

A

-Israel ben Eliezer (1698-1760)

44
Q

what did Hasidism encourage?

A

his fellow Jew to worship God with joy and delight, from the heart rather than the head
- modern emphasis on the mystical dimension

45
Q

Hasidic leaders are not rabbinic scholars but charismatic leaders(tzaddikim) whose authority rests with?

A

what are believed to be their supernatural powers

46
Q

Hasidim makes up an important component of which Judaism?

A

orthodox

HUMA1860A: The Nature of Religion: An Introduction (7 decks)

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