Lecture 2: Judaism 1 Flashcards
what is monotheism?
belief in one God
what is polytheism?
belief in many Gods
what are the religions of the book (or the Abrahamic traditions)?
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
What are the three sections the Hebrew Bible is made up of? (Tanakh to Jews and Old Testament for Christians)
- Torah (Law)
- Nivi’im (Prophets)
- Ketuvim (Writings)
Torah refers to the five books of Moses. What are the five books?
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy
- also known as the Pentateuch
The first five books of Moses are referred to with 3 names. what are they?
Torah, Pentateuch and the five books of Moses
Judaism believes the Torah was writted by who?
Moses as God says
what is the difference between the first and second account of creation in the Genesis books?
B1, Man and Woman were created at the same tine whereas B2, woman is created as an after thought, as a fitting helper for Man
B2: woman and man creation is different. Man is made from dust of earth where Woman is made from Mans rib. (suggests She is secondary)
what is the explanation as to why Moses has two very different creation stories if he is stating God?
there is an insider explanation and an outsider explanation
OR
theological explanation and an academic explanation
insider/theological: developed by Rabbis later
outsider/academic: “Moses did not write this book”
what is “The Documentary Hypothesis”?
- proposed in 1883 by Julius Wellhausen and argues that the Five Books of Moses consist of material from four different authors (Yahwist, Elohist, Priestly and Redactor)
- outsider view
why did Rabbis perhaps invent the story of Lilith?
to account for the differences of the first and second accounts of creations
what is the main point of the story of lilith?
Adam had a wife named Lilith in the first Genesis book and then she got banished so Adam got a second wife named Eve in the second Genesis book
what is the outsider view on the Genesis book?
one author wrote Genesis 1 while another wrote Genesis 2
what does “The Septuagint” mean?
the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible
What is the Hebrew Bible referred to as in Christianity?
the old testament just in a different order of books
why was was the Hebrew text translated?
after the babylonial excile of the 6th century BCE, Jews became dispersed people and Greece was one of the first big colonializers
who are the patriarchs and matriarchs of Judaism?
- Abraham and Sarah
- Isaac and Rebecca
- Jacob and Leah and Rachel
who is said to be the founders of the twelve tribes of Israel?
Jacobs twelve sons
what is a covenant?
a treaty, alliance or pact (a legal or ethical agreement) and was renewed with various Patriarches of the Hebrew Bible. (First being Noah when God promised to never destroy the earth through flood (rainbow being a sign of that covenant))
- was renewed with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses and David
where do Muslims vs Jews trace their lineage to in regards to Abraham?
Muslims to Abrahams first son, Ishmael
Jews to Abrahams second son, Isaac and his twelve tribes of Israel
what are the three major festivals known collectively as the Shalosh Regalim?
- Passover
- Shavuot
- Sukkot
Jewish boys are circumcised when and by who?
eight days after birth by a mohel (a ritual circumciser)
what is the Shavuot?
celebrates God’s revelation of the Torah to Moses
What is the Sukkot?
commemorates the Israelites’ wanderings in the wilderness
what is Hanukkah?
Festival of Lights that recalls the rededication of the Second Temple following the Macabean revolt
(IMPORTANT) the first temple in Jerusalem was built by who and destroyed by who? (IMPORTANT)
built by King Solomon (son of King David) and destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE
what stands from the second temple from 515 BCE today in Jerusalem?
the supporting wall of which the second temple stood
- an important religious sight
