Lecture #3 (Jan. 28th) Flashcards
1
Q
- Believed that humans are highest in order of material beings and lowest in order of spiritual.
- Human beings are dramatically different from other animals
- Non-human animals are irrational and mechanistic, no moral worth.
A
St. Augustine (4 ct.)
St. Thomas Aquinas (13th)
2
Q
Valued and protected animals were a way to love and honor God.
A
St. Francis of Assisi (13th Century)
3
Q
- Proto-liberationist
- Also vegetarian
- Often called “the first animal rights philosopher”
A
Pythagoras (6th B.C)
4
Q
- Wanted strict dualism and natural hierarchy
- Humans have intrinsic moral value and domination
A
Aristotle (4th B.C)
5
Q
- Up held Greek dualism
- Argued that animals are nothing more that organic machines
- Devoid of souls / free will
A
Rene Descartes (French, 17th Century)
6
Q
- Language
- The ability to do many things well
A
2 Criteria for Consciousness
7
Q
- Contractarian
- A metaphysical materialist
- Morality / justice determined by the needs and interests of people
A
Thomas Hobbes (English, 17th Century)
8
Q
- Animal perception involves ideas, memory, and some form of reasoning.
- Rejects Descartes Dualism
- Up holds natural law
- Anthropocentric
- Believes we can do what we want to animals
A
John Locke (English, 17th Century)
9
Q
- Indowed with thought / reasoning, use of imagination, accumulate knowledge.
- Excludes animals from moral community
- Believes that justice applies only to humans
- “We can exercise complete command”.
A
David Hume (English, 18th Century)
10
Q
- Strong metaphysical dualist
- Believes people are rational
- Cruelty should be avoided
- Animals are seutied, but then irrationality casts them.
A
Immanual Kant (German, 18th Century)
11
Q
- Faith of Utilitarianism
- Primary criterion of what is moral is pleasure
- “The question is NOT can they reason, or can they talk, but can they suffer”?
A
Jeremy Bentham (English, 18th-19th Century)
12
Q
- Up holds Bentham, but makes adjustments
- Some pleasures are qualitatively different from others.
A
John Stuart Mill (English, 19th Century)
13
Q
- Criticizes anthropocentrism and criteria of moral agent rejects kauts idea that animals are things.
- Urges for compassion for all seulvent beings
- Different kinds of sentience.
A
Author Schopenhowen (Germany, 19th Century)
14
Q
- Evolution changed the anthropocentric via
A
Charles Darwin (English, 19th Century)
