Animal Experimentation in Phycology (Study Guide) Flashcards
The field of Psychology emerged from which two disciplines?
Philosophy and Biology
How is psychology currently defined?
The scientific study of behavior and mental process
What types of techniques do psychologists use to study behavior and mental processes?
Scientific method: Using empirical methods to gather objective evidence.
Golden Standard: Formal experimentation in controlled lab settings
How was the field of psychology influenced most clearly by William James?
William James: Founder of functionalism
What primary contributions did Lewis Terman make to the field of psychology?
-Revised the Bidet IQ test
-Probing into gifted children
What are some of the reasons what John B. Watson is famous in the field of psychology?
-Founding behaviorism
-countered Sigman Freud says “ Psychology must be purged of mentalism”.
What prominent person and events were associated with radical behaviorism?
B.F. Skinner
What was the focus of Harry Harlow’s research when he first began his work at the Vilas Park Zoo?
Harlow focused on the learning abilities of nonhuman primates at the university proper. He adapted for animal use some of the evaluation techniques of a human intelligence testing movement.
What type of animal did Harry Harlow choose to study when he began his investigations of mother love?
Rhesus Macaques monkeys. They are smaller animals in the monkey species. Also, they share roughly ninety-four percent of their genetic heritage with humans. (94% Rhesus macaque monkey, 6% human)
What were the primary findings of Harry Harlow’s original surrogate mother study?
Harlow’s primary findings were that the infant monkeys preferred surrogate mothers who provided comfort rather than surrogate mothers who provided food.
Harlow used many types of surrogate mothers in his studies. What did he call them?
Cloth Surrogate mothers: Provided no nutrition, just comfort
Wire Surrogate mothers: Provided nutrition
Porcupine mothers
Rocking mothers
How did Harry Harlow study the effect of total isolation on behavior?
-Separating the baby monkeys from their mothers at birth
-Placing them into isolated boxes. Some would be isolated between 30 days to 3 months.
When discussing animal experimentation, what are the three R’s (or compromises)?
Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement
Although estimates vary widely, about how many animals are used for testing, educational, and research purposes each year in the United States?
More than 1 million animals are used for testing each year.
What is the primary reason why Dr. Luttrell’s views on the use of animals in behavioral research began to shift as she progressed through her career?
Because she found out that 90 percent of animals die due to animal testing. What shifted her perspective was the issue on how animal testing were not useful.
Drawing from the Harlow readings, particularly Gluck, identify and describe five distinct factors that may have played a role in Harlow’s apparent inability to recognize the ethical dilemmas that plagued his research.
- Harlow did brain shock surgery and people felt like he was a new person.
- Harlow’s professors would tell him that he did not have what it takes to become a phycologist ( Lewis Turnman )
-Harlow enjoyed shocking others and being being crude rather than filtering his words.
-Harlow did not really care about his animal subjects as much, only focused on staying relevant.
-Harlow had outside support from John Bulby which gave him a lot of motivation.
