Lecture 3 - Impairments, facilitation, and inhibition techniques

Question 1

What is the general organization of the motor system

Answer 1

Question 2

What parts of the brain play a role in motor function (3)

Answer 2

Question 3

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 3

Found in a gyrus anterior to the central sulcus that connects with the supplementary and premotor cortex that takes in sensory input and descends via corticospinal tract to produce motor patterns

Question 4

Explain where each part of the body is found on the homunculus

Answer 4

Question 5

Supplementary Motor Area

Answer 5

Found on superomedial surface anterior to primary cortex, it connects to primary cortex and directly projects to the spinal cord. Its functions include:
1. Preparation of internally initiated movements
2. Bilateral coordination
3. Postural stabilization

Question 6

Premotor Area

Answer 6

Located on lateral surface of frontal lobe anterior to primary cortex it connects to the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and parietal cortex. It directly projects to the spinal cord via the corticospinal tract and its functions are:
1. Prepare spatial and sensory guided movements
2. Rules to perform specific tasks

Question 7

Upper motor neurons

Answer 7

Question 8

Upper motor vs Lower motor neuron lesions

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the 2 lateral descending motor system tracts, their origin, decussation, termination, and function

Answer 9

Question 10

Describe the lateral corticospinal pathway

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the 4 medial descending motor systems, their origin, decussation, termination, and function

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe the anterior corticospinal pathway

Answer 12

Question 13

What are 6 symptoms of cerebellar lesions

Answer 13

Question 14

Cerebellar infarcts populations and signs/symptoms

Answer 14

Question 15

What are causes of movement impairment after a stroke

Answer 15

Question 16

Diaschisis and an approach to treat it

Answer 16

Question 17

Motor programming/planning changes and approaches to treat it

Answer 17

Question 18

Weak contractions contributing factors and approaches to treat it

Answer 18

Question 19

Coordination deficits contributing factors and an approach to treat

Answer 19

Question 20

Motor unit property changes and approaches to treat it

Answer 20

Question 21

Slow movements contributing factors and approaches to treat it

Answer 21

Question 22

Behavioral substitution contributing factors and approaches to treat it

Answer 22

Question 23

Poor endurance contributing factors and approach to treat

Answer 23

Question 24

Intra and Inter-hemispheric Inhibition and approaches to treat

Answer 24

Question 25

Muscle tone

Answer 25

NOTE: -Rigidity is not velocity dependent unlike spasticity which is velocity dependent, rigidity will always be present through any movement -Rigidity tends to be more Parkinson's vs stroke is more spasticity

Question 26

What are the 3 components of tone

Answer 26

Question 27

Spasticity

Answer 27

Question 28

A muscle immobilized in a shortened position will experience: (also how does this alter tone)

Answer 28

Question 29

Segmental Reflex Arc

Answer 29

Question 30

What is the relationship between tone and movement disorders?

Answer 30

Question 31

Different stages of tone and movement correlated to them

Answer 31

Question 32

What should the assessment consist of for tone

Answer 32

Question 33

For people with stroke explain being able to isolate the muscle and how it affects testing strength or AROM

Answer 33

Question 34

Physical interventions to manage spasticity

Answer 34

Question 35

CBPG for stroke care (UE and LE)

Answer 35

Question 36

What are facilitation techniques

Answer 36

Question 37

Tapping

Answer 37

Question 38

Quick stretch

Answer 38

Question 39

Joint Compression

Answer 39

Question 40

Quick Icing

Answer 40

Question 41

Vibration

Answer 41

Question 42

Resistance

Answer 42

Question 43

Cutaneous Stimulation

Answer 43

Question 44

NMES

Answer 44

Question 45

Inhibition Techniques

Answer 45

To decrease spasticity

Question 46

Prolonged Stretch - Splinting

Answer 46

Question 47

Sustained Stretch - Manually

Answer 47

Question 48

Tendon Pressure

Answer 48

-May not be as effective or comfortable because a lot of pressure in a small area

Question 49

Local Cooling

Answer 49

Question 50

Positioning

Answer 50

Question 51

What are some other techniques for facillitation

Answer 51

Question 52

Overflow & Associated Reactions

Answer 52

Question 53

Cycling

Answer 53

Question 54

Mental Imagery

Answer 54

Question 55

When should you use facilitation or inhibition

Answer 55

Question 56

Should we measure spasticity

Answer 56

Question 57

T or F: Normal movement can be produced in the presence of passive (resting) levels of spasticity

Answer 57

T

Question 58

What are some take home messages in terms of movement and stroke

Answer 58