Lecture 3 - Human Sensory-Motor System Flashcards

1
Q

Consider the use of 2D screens for 3D movements. What visual queues are available to perceive depth on 2D screens? Which queues are missing?

A
Available:
- linear perspective
- occlusion
- shadows
- texture gradients
- relative retinal img size
Missing:
- stereopsis (instead of vision with 2 eyes - just 1)
- motion parallax (due to head movements)
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2
Q

What is an alternative to using 2D screens for 3D movements and what benefits does it provide?

A

Alternative: head mounted display
Benefits: allows for stereopsis + motion parallax

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3
Q

What is augmented feedback and at what time points can it be provided?

A

Augmented feedback is sensory information that cannot be elaborated without an external source (aka. external feedback). Terminal feedback is provided after task execution. Concurrent feedback is provided during task execution.

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4
Q

For simple tasks, concurrent feedback has been suggested to be possibly problematic. Why?

A

The Guidance Hypothesis claims that concurrent feedback could lead to dependence and thus no retention. This has actually been proven.

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5
Q

Give an example of visual error feedback and its advantages and disadvantages.

A
Superposition
\+ spatial learning
\+ intuitive
- needs focus on display
- can develop dependence (motor control depends on vision)
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6
Q

Give formula for θ_error.

A

θ_error = θ_current - θ_ref

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7
Q

Give formula for θ_shown.

A
θ_shown = θ_current + θ_error*gain
θ_shown = θ_ref + θ_error ( 1 + gain )
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8
Q

What are the 4 types of feedback modalities?

A
  1. Visual
  2. Auditory
  3. Haptic
  4. Multimodal
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9
Q

What are the benefits of visual feedback?

A
  • intuitive, straightforward

- spatial learning

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10
Q

What are the benefits of auditory feedback?

A
  • no focus on display, free capacities

- temporal learning

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11
Q

What are the benefits of haptic feedback?

A
  • direct

- spatial AND temporal learning

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12
Q

What are the benefits of multimodal feedback?

A
  • intersensory facilitation

- reduced cognitive load

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13
Q

What should well-designed concurrent feedback do?

A
  • prevent dependency
  • facilitate task relevant error correction
  • exploit modalities
  • consider skill level
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