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Rehabilitation Engineering I > Lecture 13 - Further Robotic Applications > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Further Robotic Applications Flashcards

1
Q

List 12 technology trends that are shaping the future of medicine.

A
  1. Rehabilitation robotics
  2. Electrical stimulation
  3. Gamifying health
  4. Empowerment of patients
  5. Telemedicine and remote care
  6. Re-thinking the medical curriculum
  7. Personalized medicine
  8. Body sensors
  9. Portable Diagnostics
  10. 3D Printing
  11. Surgical and humanoid robots
  12. Powered orthotics and prosthetics
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2
Q

How are rehabilitation robotics shaping the future of medicine?

A

Rehabilitation robotics support an effective and efficient way to treat patients through state-of-the-art therapy. They take over heavy-load bearing and repetitive tasks without replacing therapists.

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3
Q

How is electrical stimulation shapin the future of medicine?

A

By using electric energy for medical treatment. E.g. FES, DBS

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4
Q

How is gamifying health shaping the future of medicine?

A

Combining fun and games in healthcare helps motivating the patient and collecting data for diagnosis and treatment.

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5
Q

How is empowerment of patients shaping the future of medicine?

A

The Internet has lead to many people researching their symptoms and diagnosing and treating themselves.

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6
Q

How is telemedicine shaping the future of medicine?

A

Home healthcare services and innovative technology will improve doctor-patient connectivity.

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7
Q

How is re-thinking the medical curriculum shaping the future of medicine?

A

Medical scholars will prepare future physicians for a world full of e-patients and technology.

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8
Q

How is personalised medicine shaping the future of medicine?

A

DNA analysis becomes a standard when prescribing medicine or treatment, to ensure it is optimised for that particular patient’s metabolic background.

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9
Q

How are body sensors shaping the future of medicine?

A

By allowing measurement of health parameters and behaviour for 24 years in convenient and inexpensive ways.

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10
Q

How are portable diagnostics shaping the future of medicine?

A

Diagnostic procedures are shifting towards devices that are portable and able to be performed from home.

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11
Q

How is 3D printing shaping the future of medicine?

A

3D printers can manufacture medical equipment, prostheses, food and drugs

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12
Q

How are surgical and humanoid robots shaping the future of medicine?

A

Robots will becomre more integrated into surgical teams beyond radiotherapy and minimally invasive surgery.

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13
Q

How are powered orthotics and prosthetics shaping the future of medicine?

A

Exoskeleton suits have enabled partially-paralysed individuals to walk again.

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14
Q

What are the 3 main types of rehabilitation robots according to their use?

A
  1. Evaluation and research systems
  2. Clinical therapeutic systems
  3. Assisstive home-use systems
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15
Q

Give examples of applications of robotic nurses.

A
  1. Patient lifting, turning, transfer
  2. Delivery services (e.g. deliver/sort medications)
  3. Post-operative care
  4. Decubitus prevention
  5. Well-being and wellness
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16
Q

In Polysomnography (sleep study or PSG), when do EEG, EOG and EMG measure?

A

EEG - brain activity
EOG - eye movement
EMG - muscle tone

17
Q

Describe the metrics used for healthy sleep.

A

A hypnogram is the results of a PSG recording It is interpreted using:

1) Expert score - divides the night into 20 sec. intervals and assigns each interval a value
2) Frequency representation of brain waves

18
Q

What are the different values that can be assigned to an interval of a PSG sleep study recording?

A 
W - awake
N1 - transition into sleep
N2 - 1st real slee state
N3 - deep sleep ("delta waves")
R - REM phase
19
Q

Define sleep onset latency.

A

How long our subject took to fall asleep. Defined by time from lights off to first phase of N2 sleep start.

20
Q

Define sleep efficiency.

A

How much time was the subject asleep out of the total time they spent in bed.

21
Q

What does N3 or Delta power help with?

A

Memory and cognitive performance

22
Q

Name the steps in signal processing for Snoring Detection.

A
  1. Filter
  2. Event Detection
  3. Localization
  4. Feature
  5. Classification
  6. Snoring Index
23
Q

What are features? Give examples for snoring.

A

Features are individual measurable properties of the phenomenon to be classified.
Examples:
- statistic features (mean, std. dev)
- time-related features (periodicity, duration, energy)
- spectra-related (spectra models, biocharacteristics, frequency)

24
Q

Imagine you are using and MRI scanner to measure brain activity. Describe 3 main challenges you might face.

A
  1. Magnetic fields must not disturb the device (attraction of objects, malfunction of device)
  2. Device must not disturb magnetic field (avoid image artefacts)
  3. Space constraints (device must be small to fit into scanner bore ~25cm)
25
Q

What materials are preferred for robotic therapy that will required undergoing an MRI scan?

A
  • Materials with low magnetic susceptibility (i.e. non-ferromagnetic metals) and low electrical conductivity (i.e. insulators)
  • Exceptions are conductors (metals) if movements and closed-loop structures can be avoided
26
Q

State the main Actuation and Recording Principles for robotic therapy that will require undergoing an MRI scan.

A
  • low electric currents for actuation
  • avoid electronic circuits for recording
  • perform energy generation and information processing outside the scanner
27
Q

Give an example of an MR compatible sensor.

A

Optical force sensor

  • force leads to deformations of components carrying optical fibres
  • this deflects a light emitting glass fibre
  • this leads to a change of intensities of 2 light-receiving glass fibres
28
Q

List (in order) the events required for motion intention detection.

A
  1. Context, scenario (1min)
  2. Gesture, mimics (10s)
  3. Motion planning (1s)
  4. Motion initiation (100ms)
  5. Motion execution (10ms)
  6. Action (0s)
29
Q

What does the Context, Scenario part of intention detection include?

A
  • kind of task
  • preferences
  • history
30
Q

What does the Gesture, Mimics part of intention detection include?

A
  • gaze

- facial expression

31
Q

Where do the recordings for the Motion Planning, Motion Initiation, and Motion Execution parts of intention detection come from?

A

Motion Planning: brain recordings
Motion Initiation: EMG recordings, physiological recordings
Motion Execution: motion recordings, force recordings

32
Q

As we move from Context to Action in the process of Motion Intention Detection, what happens to prediction accuracy and left-over computational time?

A

Prediction accuracy increases

Left-over computation time decreases

Rehabilitation Engineering I (12 decks)

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