Lecture 3: Extraversion: Enthusiasm & Assertiveness Flashcards
People high in extraversion are (what 4 qualities)?
sociable
fun-loving
talkative
spontaneous
People low in extraversion (aka introversion) are (what 4 qualities)?
reserved
inhibited
quiet
aloof
What is the definition of Extraversion?
the tendency to experience positive emotion
What are the 2 aspects of Extraversion?
Enthusiasm
Assertiveness
What are 4 characteristics of Enthusiastic people?
they talk a lot
make friends easily
smile more often
review their feelings quickly
What are 4 characteristics of Assertive people?
they take charge
influence people
lead the way
like to share their opinions
What does extraversion help people solve?
how much to value the present
How do people that are high in extraversion handle changes to their environment?
They handle it better and adapt to their current situation
Why does enthusiasm and assertiveness influence our social behavior so strongly?
they are related to our motivation for affiliation and status, which are some of the strongest human rewards
Enthusiasm is a motivation to what human reward?
affiliation
Assertiveness is a motivation for what human reward?
social status
What 3 negative rewards do extraverts tend to pursue?
sex
drugs
gamgling
What is delay discounting?
valuing the present vs. valuing the future
What is a way to determine how much people value the present over the future?
Offering a small amount of money now or a larger amount in the future. The answer reveals how much they value the present over the future
The probability with which you can predict what the future will look like decreases with… [what?]
its distance from the present
What do extraverts value more: the present or the future?
the present
Which core personality trait is related to positive emotion?
extraversion
Which core personality trait is related to negative emotion?
introversion
What are the functions of positive and negative emotion?
Positive and negative emotion help orient you as you work toward achieving your goals
Where do positive emotions motivate you with respect to your goals?
toward the goals
Where do negative emotions motivate you with respect to your goals?
away from the goals
What do positive and negative emotions measure about your goal?
how effective and valid the map you created to get to your goal is
What do we calibrate our positive and negative emotions to?
the emotions of those around us
What is not the optimal state of being?
to be happy or to maximize positive emotion
What is the optimal state of being?
is to be appropriately happy based on current circumstances
If humans don’t crave happiness, what do they actually crave?
freedom from suffering (which are two separate concepts)
What happens when there is too much positive emotion?
people are more likely to act impulsively and do risky things
Why are people extremely high in extraversion wired for impulsive and risky behavior?
they value the present so highly
What do motivations establish?
goals
What do emotions do with respect to your goals?
move you forward to your goal (positive emotion) or move you away to your goal (negative emotion)
