Lecture 2: The Five Factor Model: An Empirical Approach to Personality

Question 1

What are the five core factors of personality?

Answer 1

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 2

When was the the five-factor model of personality developed?

Answer 2

in the early 1990s

Question 3

What kind of approach does the five-factor model of personality use to determine personality traits?

Answer 3

a lexical approach

Question 4

Grit is essentially the same as what core personality value?

Answer 4

conscientiousness

Question 5

What is self-esteem, according to the five-factors of personality?

Answer 5

self-esteem is extraversion (positive emotion) minus neuroticism (negative emotion)

Question 6

What are the two major assumptions the five-factor model of personality is based on?

Answer 6

1. human vocabulary has captured the essential elements of personality
2. you can determine personality traits by asking people questions using phrases or choosing between sets of adjectives

Question 7

How has human vocabulary captured the essential elements of personality?

Answer 7

We’ve developed our vocabulary as a result of our interest in talking about ourselves and others and their differences and commonalities.

Question 8

What happens when you ask the same questions that prompt them with phrases or having them choose between sets of adjectives?

Answer 8

the results are consistent and cluster, or correlate, into the five-factor model of personality

Question 9

What are the 3 conditions for valid psychometric measurement?

Answer 9

1. They should be convergent with other measures
2. they should be divergent in some important way from other measures
3. they should have practical value

Question 10

What does it mean for something to be convergent with other measures?

Answer 10

they should predict the same thing that other, similar measures predict

Question 11

What does it mean for something to be divergent in some important way from other measures?

Answer 11

they should measure something unique that other measures don’t capture

Question 12

What does it mean for something to have some practical value?

Answer 12

they should help you understand something of importance and practical utility

Question 13

What happened when researchers translated the English questions for the five-factor personality test into other languages?

Answer 13

they found that the factor structure persisted and they generated questions from the vocabulary of other langues and again found the same five-factor structure

Question 14

What is was convergent evidence of the validity and reliability of the five-factor model based on vocabulary?

Answer 14

When they translated the English questions into other languages they found that the factor structure persisted and they generated questions from the vocabulary of other langues and again found the same five-factor structure

Question 15

What are the 3 values a psychologist can measure to determine the level of extroversion in children?

Answer 15

by measuring the differences in positive emotion, activity level
& sociability

Question 16

What are the 3 values a psychologist can measure to determine the level of neuroticism in children?

Answer 16

by measuring the differences in anxiety, sooth-ability, and frustration tolerance