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Clinical Pathology Exam 1 > Lecture 3 - Evaluation of RBC > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Evaluation of RBC Flashcards

1
Q

RBC come from the BM in __

A

long bones (humerus, femur, some wrist and flat bones)

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2
Q

4 Organs important for making RBC

A
  1. BM
  2. Kidney (Erythropoietin)
  3. Liver (Iron)
  4. Adrenal Glands, thyroid glands, pituitary, gonads (glucocoricoids, androgens, thyroxin) also help stimulate BM to make RBC precursors
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3
Q

__ maturation occurs in the BM

A

parametal (one big cell divides into 6)

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4
Q

RBC go to the __ to be recycled by macrophages

A

spleen

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5
Q

__ and __ go to the BM to stimulate erythropoiesis

A

erythropoietin and other hormones, iron

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6
Q

lifespan of a RBC

A

100days

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7
Q

__ contains 3 major pools - RBC precursors (BM), blood RBCs, and Splenic RBCs

A

erythron

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8
Q

After BM is stimulated by EPO, CFU-E differentiate into __ and proliferate via mitosis and mature until RBC are formed

A

rubriblasts

note: CFU-E = colongy forming unit erythroid cells

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9
Q

After release to the blood RBC circulate in the vascular system to

A

transport O2 to tissues

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10
Q

A resrve pool of RBC is sequestered in the __ of most mammals

A

spleen

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11
Q

Old (senescent) RBC are destroyed by macs in solid organs like

A

spleen and liver

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12
Q

How RBC bring CO2 back to lungs

A

carbonic anhydrase - increases CO2 carrying capacity by 17 fold

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13
Q

__ increases O2 carrying capacity of blood by 70x that of plasma

A

hemogloben

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14
Q

How is CO2 transported away from tissues

A

bicarbonate (70%), CA groups on Hb/RBC (25%), dissolved (5%)

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15
Q

3 functions of RBC

A
  1. O2 to tissues
  2. CO2 from tissues
  3. buffering of H+
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16
Q

__ is the major protein buffer in blood for both respiratory and metabolic acids

A

hemoglobin

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17
Q

Hb buffers effects of Carbonic acid and allwos for the transport of

A

CO2

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18
Q

Morphology of RBC in most mammal species

A

biconcaved disc, prominent central pallor, little anisocytosis (size difference)

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19
Q

A few __ RBC can be normal

A

polychromatophil

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20
Q

Cat and horse RBCs

A

less central palar, smaller, rouleux (protein coating)

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21
Q

Camels RBC

A

Ovalecytes or olipticytes

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22
Q

what values can you get from a microcentrifuge and refractometer

A

PCV, TP

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23
Q

What 6 values can you get from an automated hematology analyzer

A

RBC count, Hg concentration, Hct, MCV, MCHC, RDW (Red cell distribution width)

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24
Q

what is in the buffy coat

A

platelets and WBCs

25
Q

neonates have __ PCV and plasma proteins

A

lower

note: there is also species variation in PCV

26
Q

equines and ruminants may have __ plasma normally due to diet

A

yellow (normal, not icterus)

27
Q

PCV is normally roughly between

A

30-50% depending on species and age

28
Q

plasma color in dogs and cats should be

A

clear/colorless

29
Q

manual count in mammals use a __ (old school before analyzers), in non-mammals

A

hemacytometer

note: non-mammals use natt-herricks stain and just count WBC

30
Q

most common way clinics count blood cells is

A

automated hematology analyzers (impedence coutner, laser flow cytometry, or a blend of both)

31
Q

how do automated analyzers assess the QUANTITY of RBCs

A
  1. RBC count (measured)
  2. Hgb concentration (measured)
  3. Hct % (CALCULATED)
32
Q

what is the calculated version of the spun PCV given by a automated analyzer

A

Hematocrit % (HCT)

33
Q

How do automated analyzers assess the QUALITY of RBCs

A
  1. MCV (mean cell volume/RBC size, measured)
  2. RDW (red cell distribution width/size variation of RBC, measured)
  3. MCHC (mean cell hb concentration/Hb inside RBC, CALCULATED)
34
Q

What quality of RBC is calculated? quantity calculated?

A

MCHC. HCT

35
Q

__ is the average size of RBC

A

MCV - mean cell volume (quality)

36
Q

__ is the size variation of RBC

A

RDW - red cell distribution width (quality)

37
Q

__ is the Hb within a RBC

A

MCHC - mean cell hb concentration (calculated quality)

38
Q

What 3 values from an automated machine always be consistently normal, increased or decreased at the same time (or else may have issue with machine)?

A

PCV, Hgb, Hct (MCV and/or MCHC can vary)

39
Q

RBC count is the count of how many RBC there are per __

A

microliter

40
Q

how does the macine count Hb concentration

A

lyses RBCs to release Hb uses light absorbance/wavelengths to correspon to Hgb

41
Q

__ can falsely increase Hgb concentration

A

lipemia

42
Q

Hgb concentration x 3 =

A

PCV%

43
Q

__ and __ measurements reflect the quantity/# of RBCs in the blood

A

RBC count and Hgb concentration

44
Q

terms used to describe the MCV that aid in dz classification

A

Macrocytic, normocytic, microcytic

45
Q

when RBC size is more variable than normal, the RDW __

A

increases = check blood film for anisocytosis

note: RDW = SD/MCV

46
Q

In an animal with a regenerative anemia the RDW would be

A

increased/wide due to large immature RBCs (polychromatophils) released by BM

47
Q

The spun PCV and calculated HCT should be roughtly the same, within __%

A

3

48
Q

If PCV and HCT are not the same what should you use

A

properly spun PCV over calculated HCT

49
Q

__ can be made false when certain dz are present like autoagglutination

A

HCT (it is a calculation, not a direct measurement like spun PCV)

50
Q

What does the machine use to calculate HCT

A

RBC count and MCV

HCT = RBC count x MCV / 10

51
Q

what words are used to describe MCHC variations

A

hyperchromic, normochromic, hypochromic (rem hgb makes the cell look red)

52
Q

When is a TRUE hypochromasia/decreased MCHC seen?

A

Fe deficiency anemia, RBC actually have less Hb and on blood film the central palar will be increased

53
Q

What is a non true hypchromasia/decreased MCHC

A

BM makes lots of new RBC due to anemia, RBC do not have all their Hb yet = hypochromic, but not so on blood film.

54
Q

__ is essentially always an artifact due to hemolysis or interference with hgb measurements (lipemia, heinz bodies, elevated WBC)

A

Increased MCHC or HYPERchromasia

55
Q

__ are denatured Hgb that sticks to the inside of the RBC due to oxidative damage (onions, garlic can casue)

A

Heinz bodies

56
Q

If you have an elevated PCV and TP what should you check

A

If it’s an artifact ie. if the animal recently exercised (sweat, lose fluids, hemoconcentration increases)

57
Q

increased PCV and TP is hallmark of

A

dehydration (fluid component of blood reduced - RBC and proteins concentrated)

58
Q

Increase in PCV due to dehydration is termed __ and increased TP due to dehydration is termed __

A

relative erythrocytosis (polycythemia), hyperproteinemia

59
Q

If take a sample from a horse post exercise and the PCV is normal but the TP is high, what do you expect?

A

Anemia! (both values should be high, hemoconcentration due to dehydration is masking the anemia in this horse)

Clinical Pathology Exam 1 (12 decks)

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