Lecture 3: Development of the Human Immune System and the Nature of the Immune Responses Flashcards
Human MHC (HLA) genes are?
How do T cells get activated?
Where are HLA 1 and 2 used?
What do the HLA genes do?
Code for the human versions (orthologues) of the mouse major histocompatibility complex genes.
What do the HLA protein complexes do?
The proteins allow your immune system to recognise self antigens as opposed to foreign antigens.
What characteristics do HLA 1 and 2 have that make them useful for innate immune systems of individuals in a population?
Due to the huge number of alleles available, there is a very significant amount of variation of HLA proteins in the population. Because of this, some individuals in a population will most likely have natural immunity to some antigens.
What does the HLA gene being co-dominant mean?
What is one difference in what HLA 1 and 2 can bind?
HLA 1 will bind shorter peptides of around 8-10 amino acids.
HLA 2 will bind to longer peptides and is less constrained, usually around 13-17 amino acids in length.
How are HLA I binding peptides are generated?
They are generated by proteasomes, which will select which parts of a peptide are selectively cut out and chosen to associate with MHC-class I molecules.
How do IFNs interact with the peptide selection process.
They induce the expression of three alternative proteasome catalytic subunits, LMP2, LMP7 and MECL-1 and PA28-alpha and PA28-beta. These form a complex that bind in place of the 19S regulatory cap. This process increases rate at which peptides are released.
How does HLA2 generation work?
What is the process of cross presentation?
