Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOSCI 107 module 1,2,3 > Lecture 3: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between epithelia and connective tissue

A

CT is not found on body surfaces, is vascular and has a large amount of extracellular material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 purposes of connective tissues:

A
  • Binds, supports and strengthens other body tissues.
  • A major transport system of the body. (blood)
  • A major site of stored energy reserves (adipose tissue)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Avascular Ct is an exception and includes both

A

cartiliage, tendons (vlittle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

similarity between Epithelia & CT

A

both have nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Connective Tissue is composed of

A

extracellular matrix and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ECM is made of 2 things

A

ground substance (the material between fibres and cells) + protein fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ground substance is a mixture of

A

water, proteins, polysaccharides (GAGS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The sugars in GS are called

A

Glycosaminoglycan (GAGs or mucopolysaccharides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GAGS join with core proteins to form

A

proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glycosaminoglycans are long unbranched, repeating

A

disaccharide unit-(uronic sugar, amino sugar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the important property of GAGS

A

they are highly polar, therefore attract water, trapping it so that GS is more jellylike.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sulphated GAGs bind to proteins and includes

A

keratan, dermatan, herparin, chondroitin –sulphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Non- sulphated GAG example

A

Hyaluronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hyaluronic acid is unusual as it doesn’t

A

covalently bond to core protein, instead is joined to various Proteoglycans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Enzyme that breaks down in order to help the cell move- (sperm, white blood cell, bacteria)

A

Hyaluronidase ; makes GS more liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disease states associated with ECM

A

abnormal periorbital ECM and thyroid disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the 3 fibres in CT extracellular matrix: Thick to thin

A

Collagen, reticular and elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are elastic fibres made of

A

the protein elastin surrounded by glycoprotein fibrillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Marfan Syndrome happens because

A

mutation in chromosomes causes fibrillin to be made that can’t inhibit Transforming Growth factor beta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are reticular fibres made of and what makes them

A

collagen arranged in fine bundles with a coating of glycoprotein. made by fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function and location of adipocytes

A

store fat (triglycerides) and are found under skin and around organs (heart, kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function and location of fibroblasts

A

secrete components of the matrix (fibres and ground substance). They are the most numerous, and are found widely distributed, migrating through CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the suffix of the immature cell class that will mature to cells with a suffix cyte

A

blast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function and location of macrophages

A

they engulf bacteria and cell debris by phagocytosis. Phagocytic cells can either be fixed or wandering-> ready to gather at the site of infection. Come from monocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function and location of Plasma cells (from B lymphocytes)

A

they produce antibodies that attack foreign substances. Found in many CT sites (gut tract, resp. tract, salivary gland, red bone marrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function and location of Mast cells

A

they produce histamine that dilate vessels as part of the inflammatory response. They are found alongside the blood vessels that supply connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function and location of Leukocytes

A

White blood cells (neutrophils, eosonphils) migrate out from blood to sites of infection to phagocytose microbes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Embryonic connective tissues give rise to all other connective tissues. The two types are

A

Mesenchyme, mucous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Mature connective tissues categories :

A

loose, dense, blood, lymph, cartilage, bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Areolar CT is called the packing material of the body: what category is it, what is its structure, function and location

A

It is loose CT made from a random mix of the 3 fibres, cells in a semifluid GS. Its function is strength, elasticity and support. It is located around nearly every body structure-eg. subcutaneous layer of skin.

31
Q

Adipose tissue: what category is it, what is its structure, function and location

A

It is loose CT made up of adipocytes. Its function is Insulation, Energy Source, Temperature control. Its found with areolar connective tissue.

32
Q

Dense CT categories

A

regular, irregular, elastic

33
Q

Dense Regular: what is its structure, function and location

(It looks like silk)

A

Structure is Regularly arranged collagen bundles with fibroblasts inbetween them. Provides strong attachment between various structures. Found in Tendons, Ligaments, aponeuroses (muscular system). Slow healing due to low blood supply.

34
Q

What are the three types of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

35
Q

Hyaline cartilage: what is its structure, function and location (bubbles)

A

Structure: prominent chondrocytes found in lacunae surrounded by perichondrium. provides smooth surfaces for movement . Found in the respiratory bones. ends of long bones.

36
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue, their alias and position in bone

A

compact, aka cortical bone is the outer layer of bone and spongey aka cancellous bone is porous and lies underneath compact bone.

37
Q

What are Oestoblasts; identity and function

A

Bone forming cells. Lay down more collagen, starting the mineralisation process

38
Q

What are Oestocytes; identity and function

A

Mature bone cells derived from oestoblasts trapped in the ECM. Maintain bone tissue, have gap junctions.

39
Q

Name the 4 cell types in bones

A

osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, oestocytes, oestoclasts

40
Q

What are Oesteogenic cells; identity and function

A

Mesenchymal stem cells that develop, start to lay down collagen, become trapped and become oestoblasts

41
Q

What are Osteoclasts; identity and function

A

Large multinucleated monocytes that break bones to access stored minerals.

42
Q

Fluid connective tissue (liquid)

A

Blood

43
Q

Blood consists of

A

blood plasma (a liquid ECM) and formed elements= cells (red cells, white cells and platelets)

44
Q

The protein fibres of ECM are secreted by

A

CT cells in the ECM

45
Q

What dictates the qualities of the connective tissue

A

The structure of the ECM

46
Q

Proteoglycans look like a

A

brush (core protein = handle, GAGS = bristles)

47
Q

Hyaluronic Acid is a viscous slippery substance that

A
  • binds cells together,
  • lubricates joints and
  • maintains the shape of the eyeball
48
Q

Chondroitin Sulphate:

A

support and provide the adhesive features of cartilage, bone, skin, blood vessels.

49
Q

Keratan Sulphate found in

A

bone, cartilage, cornea of the eye

50
Q

Dermatan Sulphate found in

A

tendons, blood vessels,

heart valves

51
Q

Abnormal Periorbital ECM and thyroid disease caused by

A

the deposition of GAGs and the influx of water increasing orbital contents

52
Q

3 different types of tissue fibres in the ECM

A

Collagen, reticular and elastic

53
Q

Collagen fibres are common in bones, cartilage, tendon and ligaments. Feature:

A

very strong but flexible to resist pulling forces

54
Q

Reticular fibres form networks in vessels and through adipose, smooth muscle and nerve fibres

A

Thinner and branching, they form part of the basement membrane providing strength and support

55
Q

Elastic fibres are a thin fibrous network found in the skin, blood vessels and lung and consist of

A

protein elastin surrounded by glycoprotein fibrillin to give strength and stability; can stretch 150%

56
Q

Fixed phagocytes include

A

dust cells (lungs), Kupffer cells (liver) langerhans cells (skin)

57
Q

Connective tissue can either be

A

Embryonic or Mature

58
Q

Mesenchyme CT: what category is it, what is its structure, function and location

A

Embryonic CT: structure is mesenchymal cells in a semi-fluid GS containing reticular fibres. Function is form all other connective tissues. Found under skin and along developing bones of embryo

59
Q

Mucous CT :what category is it, what is its structure, function and location

A

Embryonic CT: structure is widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in jelly like GS containg collagen fibres.
Function is to support, it is found in the umbilical cord of the foetus.

60
Q

Reticular CT;what category is it, what is its structure, function and location

A

It is loose CT. Structure is fine interlacing network of reticular fibres and reticular cells.
Function/location is to form the stroma (supporting network) of organs, binds smooth muscle tissue cells, filters and removes worn out blood cells in spleen and microbes in lymph nodes. Also in reticular lamina of BM.

61
Q

Dense irregular CT: what is its structure, function and location (looks like fatty meat).

A

Structure: irregularly arranged collagen fibres with a few fibroblasts.
Func; provides tensile (pulling strength) in different directions. Occurs in sheets encapsulating organs, and it is the tissue beneath skin around muscles.

62
Q

Elastic CT: what category is it, what is its structure, function and location
(unstained tissue is yellow)

A

structure is elastic fibres with fibroblasts.
Allows stretching of the organs but strong enough to recoil back to shape. Found in many respiratory tissues and arteries.

63
Q

Fibrocartilage: what is its structure, function and location

A

chondrocytes among clearly visible thick bundles of collagen fibres within the ECM. No perichondrium. Supports and joins structures together. Found at the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs.

64
Q

What are the structural features consistent with all cartilage : supply, fibres and GS, cells,

A

It doesn’t have a nerve or blood supply.
It has a dense network of collagen and elastic fibres firmly embedded in chondroitin sulphate component of GS. Mature cartilage cells called chondrocytes occur in spaces in the ECM called lacunae.

65
Q

What is the perichondrium

A

Thin layer of dense irregular CT that surrounds the surface of cartilage and supplies new cartilage cells

66
Q

Elastic cartilage: what is its structure, function and location ( indigo eyes on stalks)

A

chondrocytes in threadlike network of elastic fibres. perichondrium present. Provides strength and elasticity. Found in epiglottis, ear and auditory tubes.

67
Q

Spongey bone : structure function

A

Structure: Lacks osteons has columns of bone called trabeculae. Func: stores triglycerides (YM) and produces blood cells. (RM)

68
Q

What is the basic unit of Compact bone and what are the four parts of this basic unit

A

Basic unit= osteon

Osteons are made of Lamellae, Lacunae, Canaliculi and Central Haversian canal.

69
Q

What are Lamellae

A

concentric rings of ECM storing mineral salts (CaP + CaOH= hydroxyapatite and collagen) that give hardness

70
Q

What are Lacunae

A

small spaces between lamellae that contain mature bone cells (psteocytes)

71
Q

What are Canaliculi

A

minute canals (containing ECM and osteocytic processes) that radiate from lacunae and provide route for O2, nutrients and waste

72
Q

What is the Central Haversian canal

A

Centre bit that contains blood vessels and nerves.

73
Q

What do Basophils do

A

release substances like histamine that intensify the inflammatory reaction

74
Q

What do Eosinophils do

A

fight parasitic worms

BIOSCI 107 module 1,2,3 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions