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anatomy > Lecture 3: CNS > Flashcards

Lecture 3: CNS Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A
  • compose of the brain and spinal cord

- brain begins as a neural tube ( 4 weeks of embryonic development.

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2
Q

Cerebral Cortex : gray matter

A

Conscious behavior= sensation, communication, memory, understanding and voluntary movements.

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3
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A
  • composed of 3 functional arears :

motor, sensory and association areas

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4
Q

Motor Areas

A

initiate impulses to skeletal muscles.

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5
Q

Sensory areas

A

receive and interpret impulses from sensory receptors

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6
Q

Association areas

A

performs complex integrative functions. receives and sends information to multiple areas of the cortex via association fibers.

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7
Q

Lateralization

A
  • each hemisphere has abilities not shared with its partner
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8
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

controls language, math and logic

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9
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

controls visual-spatial skills emotion and artistic skills.

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10
Q

Cerebral White matter

A

consists of deep myelinated axons and their tracts

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11
Q

3 types of cerebral white matter

A
  • commissures
  • association fibers
  • projection fibers.
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12
Q

Diencephalon

A

consists of :

  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • epithalamus
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13
Q

Thalamic function

A
  • relay station for sensations
  • impulses of similar functions are sorted out, edited and relayed as a group
  • all inputs ascending to the cerebral cortex pass through the thalamus.
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14
Q

hypothalamus

A

mammillary bodies and infundibulum

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15
Q

mammillary bodies

A

relay station for olfactory pathways

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16
Q

infundibulum

A

stalk of the hypothalamus; connects to the pituitary gland

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17
Q

hypothalamic function

A
  • regulates blood pressure, rate and force of heart beat, digestive tract motility, rate of depth breathing.
  • perception of pleasure, fear and rage
  • maintains normal body temp
  • regulates feelings of hunger
  • hormone production
18
Q

Epithalamus

A

pineal gland- extends from the posterior boarder and secretes melatonin.
melatonin: helps maintain your sleep and wake cycle.

19
Q

3 regions of the brain stem

A

mid brain
pons
medulla oblongata

20
Q

function of the brain stem

A
  • provides the pathway for tracts between higher and lower brain centers
  • associated with 10 of the 12 Cranial nerves.
21
Q

Mid brain

A 
located between the dicephalon and the pons
include:
cerebral peduncles
cerebral aqueduct
corpora quadrigrmnia
22
Q

cerebral peduncle

A

connect midbrain to cerebrum, involved in communication

23
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

connect the 3rd and 4th ventricles.

24
Q

superior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)

A

nuclei of midbrain - visual reflex center

25
Q

inferior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)

A

nuclei of midbrain- auditory reflex center

26
Q

pons

A

relays infor between brain, spinal cord, motor cortex and cerebellum. sets respiratory rhythm.

27
Q

Medulla oblongata

A
  • pyramids

- olives

28
Q

pyramids

A

The two pyramids contain the motor fibers that pass from the brain to the medulla oblongata and spinal cord

29
Q

olives

A
  • convey infor regarding muscular system to cerebellum.
30
Q

medulla nuclei

A
  • cardiovascular control center
  • respiratory centers
  • regulate vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing and sneezing.
31
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • located dorsal to the pons and medulla

- provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction

32
Q

Limbic system

A

emotional responses such as:

  • odors triggering memories
  • fear response
  • expression of emotions using gestures
  • resolving mental conflicts
33
Q

protection of the brain

A
  • the brain is protected by bone, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid.
34
Q

blood- brain barrier

A

harmful substances are protected by the blood-brain barrier.

protects the brain tissue against changes in blood chemistry.

35
Q

CSF (cerebral spinal fluid)

A
  • circulates :
    1. ventricles
    2. subarchnoid space
    3. central canal
36
Q

Function of CSF

A
  • delivers nutrients to the brain
  • shock absorption
  • After circulation : used CSF is returned to blood.
37
Q

Meninges

A

3 connective tissue membranes

  1. dura mater
  2. arachnoid mater
  3. pia mater
38
Q

Functions of the meninges

A
  • cover and protect the CNs
  • protect blood vessels and enclose venous sinuses
  • contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
39
Q

Dura mater

A

form dural sinues.

40
Q

Arachnoid mater

A
  • the middle meninx, which forms a loose brain covering
  • separated from the dura mater by the subdural space
  • subarchnoid is filled with CSF
41
Q

pia mater

A

deep meninx composed of delicate connective tissue that clings tightly to the brain

42
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • contains less protein and different ion concentrations than plasma
  • protects the brain

anatomy (7 decks)

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