Lecture 3: Cell Biology (Chapter 4) Flashcards
Prokaryotes: Pro means _____ and karyon means _____
before, nucleus
Prokaryotes: _____ is not enclosed within a membrane
DNA
Prokaryotes: Chromosome is _____ and _____
Single, circular
Prokaryotes: Chromosome exists within a specific region of the cell called the _____
nucleoid
Prokaryotes: They do not have _____ _____ _____ such as mitochondria
Membrane Bound Organelles
Prokaryotes: Single-celled organisms only such as _____
bacteria
Eukaryotes: Eu means _____ and Karyon means _____
true, nucleus
Eukaryotes: DNA is contained within a _____ _____ _____
membrane bound nucleus
Eukaryotes: DNA is arranged as _____ _____
multiple chromosomes
Eukaryotes: _____ are present and membrane bound
Organelles
Eukaryotes: Can be either _____ _____ or _____
single celled or multicellular
usually multicellular
Eukaryotes: examples
protists, fungi, plants, animals
Bacterial morphology means _____
shape
What shape is coccus?
spherical
What shape is bacillus
rods
What shape is spirillum
spiral
Which external structure is a sugar coat?
Glycocalyx
- a gelatinous, sticky polymer
can be composed of either polysaccharide, protein or both - when it’s made only of sugar it’s called an extracellular polysaccharide
- secreted from the prokaryote onto the outside of the cell wall
What are the two types of glycocalyx?
- Capsule (when the substance of the Glycocalyx is firmly attached to the cell wall and organized)
- Slime Layer (when the substance of the
Glycocalyx is disorganized and
only loosely attached to the cell
wall
Capsules contribute to an organisms virulence (ability to cause disease) by protecting the organism from _____
phagocytosis
the capsule also allows the organism to _____ to an _____ host cells
adhere to and colonize
The capsule protects the bacterial cell against _____ and holds _____ inside of the cell
dehydration, nutrients
The external structure _____ _____ allows the bacterium to survive by attaching to different surfaces within the microbe’s environment.
Extracellular Polysaccharide
Which external structure allows the bacterium to attach to other bacteria, medical devices such as implants and catheters, human teeth, plant roots and water pipes
Extracellular Polysaccharide
The external structure _____ are found on some prokaryotic cells. They are long, filamentous and used for motility
Flagella
Three primary parts of flagella are?
1) Filament - composed of the circular flagellin protein forming a helix around a hollow core and is not covered by a sheath
2) Hook: made of different protein than the flagella
3) Basal body: anchors the flagellum to the plasma membrane and the cell wall
Flagellar Arrangements: Peritrichous
flagella distributed over the entire cell surface
Flagellar Arrangements: Monotrichous
single polar flagella
Flagellar Arrangements: Lophotrichous
two or more flagella at one or both ends of the cell
Flagellar Arrangements: Amphitrichous
a tuft of flagella at each cell end
Bacterial movement toward a chemical stimulus is _____ and movement toward a light stimulus is called _____
chemotaxis, phototaxis
Pili and Fimbriae are found in many _____ _____ bacteria
gram negative
Bacterial cell wall composed of the polysaccharide _____
peptioglycan
