Lecture 3: Cell Biology (Chapter 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotes: Pro means _____ and karyon means _____

A

before, nucleus

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2
Q

Prokaryotes: _____ is not enclosed within a membrane

A

DNA

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3
Q

Prokaryotes: Chromosome is _____ and _____

A

Single, circular

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4
Q

Prokaryotes: Chromosome exists within a specific region of the cell called the _____

A

nucleoid

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5
Q

Prokaryotes: They do not have _____ _____ _____ such as mitochondria

A

Membrane Bound Organelles

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6
Q

Prokaryotes: Single-celled organisms only such as _____

A

bacteria

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7
Q

Eukaryotes: Eu means _____ and Karyon means _____

A

true, nucleus

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8
Q

Eukaryotes: DNA is contained within a _____ _____ _____

A

membrane bound nucleus

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9
Q

Eukaryotes: DNA is arranged as _____ _____

A

multiple chromosomes

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10
Q

Eukaryotes: _____ are present and membrane bound

A

Organelles

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11
Q

Eukaryotes: Can be either _____ _____ or _____

A

single celled or multicellular

usually multicellular

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12
Q

Eukaryotes: examples

A

protists, fungi, plants, animals

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13
Q

Bacterial morphology means _____

A

shape

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14
Q

What shape is coccus?

A

spherical

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15
Q

What shape is bacillus

A

rods

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16
Q

What shape is spirillum

A

spiral

17
Q

Which external structure is a sugar coat?

A

Glycocalyx

  • a gelatinous, sticky polymer
    can be composed of either polysaccharide, protein or both
  • when it’s made only of sugar it’s called an extracellular polysaccharide
  • secreted from the prokaryote onto the outside of the cell wall
18
Q

What are the two types of glycocalyx?

A
  • Capsule (when the substance of the Glycocalyx is firmly attached to the cell wall and organized)
  • Slime Layer (when the substance of the
    Glycocalyx is disorganized and
    only loosely attached to the cell
    wall
19
Q

Capsules contribute to an organisms virulence (ability to cause disease) by protecting the organism from _____

A

phagocytosis

20
Q

the capsule also allows the organism to _____ to an _____ host cells

A

adhere to and colonize

21
Q

The capsule protects the bacterial cell against _____ and holds _____ inside of the cell

A

dehydration, nutrients

22
Q

The external structure _____ _____ allows the bacterium to survive by attaching to different surfaces within the microbe’s environment.

A

Extracellular Polysaccharide

23
Q

Which external structure allows the bacterium to attach to other bacteria, medical devices such as implants and catheters, human teeth, plant roots and water pipes

A

Extracellular Polysaccharide

24
Q

The external structure _____ are found on some prokaryotic cells. They are long, filamentous and used for motility

A

Flagella

25
Q

Three primary parts of flagella are?

A

1) Filament - composed of the circular flagellin protein forming a helix around a hollow core and is not covered by a sheath
2) Hook: made of different protein than the flagella
3) Basal body: anchors the flagellum to the plasma membrane and the cell wall

26
Q

Flagellar Arrangements: Peritrichous

A

flagella distributed over the entire cell surface

27
Q

Flagellar Arrangements: Monotrichous

A

single polar flagella

28
Q

Flagellar Arrangements: Lophotrichous

A

two or more flagella at one or both ends of the cell

29
Q

Flagellar Arrangements: Amphitrichous

A

a tuft of flagella at each cell end

30
Q

Bacterial movement toward a chemical stimulus is _____ and movement toward a light stimulus is called _____

A

chemotaxis, phototaxis

31
Q

Pili and Fimbriae are found in many _____ _____ bacteria

A

gram negative

32
Q

Bacterial cell wall composed of the polysaccharide _____

A

peptioglycan