lecture 3 - carbohydrates and dietry fibre

Question 1

what is glycogen

Answer 1

storage form of carbohydrates

Question 2

what is glucose

Answer 2

blood sugar

Question 3

what is fructose

Answer 3

fruit sugar

Question 4

what does glucose and fructose combine to make

Answer 4

sucrose

Question 5

what does glucose and galactose combine to make

Answer 5

lactose

Question 6

what does glucose and glucose combine to make

Answer 6

maltose

Question 7

what is fibre

Answer 7

structural part of a plant

Question 8

hydrolysis

Answer 8

cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water

Question 9

how are glucose and galactose absorbed

Answer 9

active transport

Question 11

how is fructose absorbed

Answer 11

facilitated diffusion

Question 12

what is the primary role of glucose

Answer 12

to provide energy

Question 13

gluconeogenesis

Answer 13

metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates

Question 14

where does fructose metabolism take place

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

where are natural sources of fructose in food

Answer 15

fruits, 100% fruit juice, honey, vegetables, grain product

Question 16

where is fructose found in artificial sources

Answer 16

lollies, table sugar, sweetened beverages, cakes, muffins, biscuits

Question 17

what are potential health effects of fructose consumption

Answer 17

fructose tolerance, gout, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Question 18

what are symptoms of fructose intolerance

Answer 18

gas and bloating, pain, cramping, diarrhoea and/or constipation

Question 19

what is fructose intolerance

Answer 19

the gut has difficulty absorbing fructose with any fructose left in the bowel ferments

Question 20

what is lactose intolerance

Answer 20

not enough lactase - skips the usual digestive process and is partially broken down by intestinal bacteria

Question 21

what are some management techniques to take on lactose intolerance

Answer 21

increasing consumption of milk products gradually, spreading dairy intake throughout the day, use full fat milk, use fermented or heated milk throughout the day

Question 22

where is soluble fibre found

Answer 22

fruits and vegetables

Question 23

where is insoluble fibre found

Answer 23

grains and vegetables

Question 24

what is resistant starch

Answer 24

the sum of starch not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals

Question 25

techniques in adding dietry fibre into the diet

Answer 25

use wholegrain cereals such as brown rice, wholemeal spaghetti, add traditional bran or psyllium husks to prepared cereals, use plenty of fruit and vegetables, include the edible skins of fruit and veg, drink plenty of water