lelecture 1 - introduction to human nutrition

Question 1

what are the factors that influence the personal food choices

Answer 1

habit, preference, social interaction, positive/negative association, food avaliability, traditional or cultural heritage

Question 2

what are the 6 major classes of nutrients

Answer 2

minerals, fats, water, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins

Question 3

which of the major 6 nutrients are energy yielding

Answer 3

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Question 4

which of the 6 major nutrients are macronutrients

Answer 4

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Question 5

which of the 6 major nutrients are micronutrients

Answer 5

vitamins, minerals

Question 5

how much energy does carbohydrates yield?

Answer 5

17kg/g

Question 6

how much energy does fat yield

Answer 6

37kJ /g

Question 7

how much energy does protein yield?

Answer 7

17kJ/g

Question 8

how much energy does alcohol yield

Answer 8

29kJ /g

Question 9

what are the uses of nutrients in the body

Answer 9

1. provide energy
2. promote growth and development
3. regulate body processes

Question 10

what is an epigemilogical study?

Answer 10

cross-sectional case control and cohort designs

Question 11

what is an experimental study?

Answer 11

lab-based studies which include animal studies and lab-based invirto studies

Question 12

what is the benefit of epidemiological studies?

Answer 12

can narrow down the list of possible causes, can raise questions to pursue through other types of studies

Question 13

what are the weaknesses of epidemiological studies

Answer 13

cannot control variables that may influence the development or prevention of a disease, cannot prove cause and effect

Question 14

what are the strengths of lab-based studies

Answer 14

cannot control conditions, can determine effect of a variable

Question 15

what are the weaknesses of lab-based studies

Answer 15

cannot apply results from test tubes or animals to human beings

Question 16

what are the strengths of human interventions

Answer 16

can control conditions, can apply findings to find some groups of human beings

Question 17

what are the weaknesses of human interventions

Answer 17

cannot generalise findings to all human beings, cannot use certain treatments for clinical of ethical reasons

Question 18

what is an NRV and what is its function

Answer 18

nutrient reference value
- establish energy recommendations

Question 19

what are AIs used for?

Answer 19

individuals

Question 20

what are EARs used for

Answer 20

groups of populations

Question 21

what is the AMDR for carbohydrates

Answer 21

45-65%

Question 22

what is the AMDR for fat

Answer 22

20-35%

Question 23

what is the AMDR for protein

Answer 23

15-25%

Question 24

EAR definition

Answer 24

half of the people are satisfied

Question 25

RDI definition

Answer 25

most people (97-98%) are satisfied

Question 26

EER definition

Answer 26

average dietry energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult

Question 27

UL definition

Answer 27

highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to almost all individuals

Question 28

what are human nutrition tests for individuals

Answer 28

1. historical information
2. physical examination
3. laboratory tests

Question 29

what are risk factors for chronic disease

Answer 29

tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity, high BMI, high blood pressure