lecture 2 - digestion and absorption Flashcards
digestion
process by which food is broken down into absorbable units
absorption
uptake of nutrients by the cels for SI for transport to either blood or lymph
what is the GI
flexible muscular tube that extends from the mouth, through the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum to anus
what is the function of the mouth in digestion
mastication, stimulation of taste buds, bolus formation, addition of saliva
what is the function of the epiglottis
ensure that food goes the right tube to prevent choking
what are the symptoms of GERD
heart burn, chest pain, nausea, regurgitation
what is the function of the lower oesophagul sphincter
move the bolus in one direction
what is the function of bicarbonate in the small intestine
neutralize acidic gastric juices
what are the segments of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
what is segementation
contraction of circular muscles which move chyme in both directions
what is peristalsis
involuntatry constricting and relaxation of intestinal muscles, creating wave-like contractions
how are water and small lipids absorbed
simple diffusion
how are water soluble vitamins absorbed
facilitated transport
how are nutrients absorbed
active transport
what is the function of the large intestine in digestion
absorb water, vitamins and remaining nutrients from food, collects waste material for storage in rectum
