Lecture 3: Atonement, contd; doctrine of the Holy Spirit Flashcards
Give four possible interpretations for “descended into hell” in the Apostles’ Creed.
- Christ had died
- Christ experienced Hell during the passion
- Christ visited Hades
- This is not biblical and should be abandoned
Define propitiation specifically as it relates to Christianity.
When Christ died on the cross, God’s wrath towards us cooled.
How did the Holy Spirit change after Pentecost?
After Pentecost, we have the Spirit living in communion with believers and indwelling with us. In the Old Testament, the Spirit was only transient, and selective.
Give a criticism of interpreting “descending into hell” as Christ experiencing hell during the passion?
It breaks the logical order in the Creed, saying that he died, and then that he suffered.
Define propitiation in a general sense.
To appease wrath/placate, or do cleanse or remove.
Who distinguished between “hell” (purgatory) and the “hell of the lost”)?
Aquinas
Define subjectivity in the atonement.
How we respond to Christ’s work - we can choose to accept his gift or not.
Give Aquinas’s interpretation of “descended into hell”.
Christ visited purgatory, but the effect reached the hell of the lost, putting them to shame.
Jesus is both _____ and _____ with regards to the Holy Spirit?
Recipient (bearer) and giver
Who produced the TULIP acronym?
The Synod of Dort
What theory did Hegel come up with? (Two names)
Sublation, aka synthesis
Define the P in TULIP.
Perseverence of the saints
Who asserted that we should “have the courage to use our own reason”?
Kant
Define the L in TULIP.
Limited atonement (meaning Christ died only for the elect)
Which group of theologians was Jacob Arminius amongst?
The Remonstrants
Who interpreted “descended into hell” as Christ descending into purgatory?
Aquinas
Define the U in TULIP.
Unconditional election
Which creed contains the phrase “descended into hell”?
Apostles’ Creed
Give a criticism of interpreting “descending into hell” as Christ having died.
The creed becomes unnecessarily repetitive to say “was crucified, died, and was buried; he descended into hell”.
Define objectivity in the atonement.
God’s work in the atonement - Christ died for all sinners.
Why was the Holy Spirit not emphasized during the Enlightenment?
The Enlightenment focused on rationalizing of faith, and the Holy Spirit is subjective and cannot be empirically verified.
Define ruach.
The Old Testament word for Spirit, breath, or wind. God gives his ruach to humankind, breathing life into humankind.
Define the T in TULIP.
Total depravity
What is expiation another word for?
Atonement
Describe sublation.
God has three modes that correspond to the Trinity. However, God as Spirit is God in the fullest sense, since God and Christ are the thesis and antithesis of each other.
Define the I in TULIP.
Irresistible grace
Give Calvin’s understanding of propitiation.
God specifically intended for Christ’s death on the cross to rescue us from God’s wrath and our sin.
What did the Remonstrants believe about Christ’s death?
They believed Christ died for the sins of the whole world.
Define scientific naturalism.
To define something as true, it must be established empirically. This goes beyond methodological naturalism and into metaphysical naturalism.
