lecture 3 - adaptations to anaerobic training Flashcards
when do neural adaptations occur
within the first 4 weeks and hypertrophic factors at 6-8 weeks
what does the increase in maximal strength and power result in
- increase rate of recruitment
- increase rate of firing
- synchronisation of firing
define the size principle
the body recruits slow muscle fibres first, then as intensity is increased type 2 fibres are recruited
what are the neural adaptions that occur at the neuromuscular junction
- increased area of neuromuscular junction
- greater total length of nerve terminal branching
- increased end plate perimeter length and area
- greater number of acetylcholine receptors
describe the muscular adaptions that occur to skeletal muscles
- increase in size
- facilitate fibre type transitions
- enhance biochemical and micro-structural components
describe the muscular adaptions that occur with muscular growth
- muscle hypertrophy
- hyperplasia
- fibre size changes
- muscle fibre transitions
describe minimal essential strain
the minimal strain that causes a slight bend in the bone which causes osteoblasts to attach to that site
what is the threshold of minimal essential strain for elderly
walking or resistance training
what is the threshold of minimal essential strain for young athletes
sprinting, jumping, resistance training
what is wolf’s law
greater for on bone results in greater adaption
what are the concepts of mechanical loading that stimulates bone growth
- magnitude of speed
- rate of loading
- direction of forces
- volume of loading
what are the functions of cartilage
- smooth articulating surface,
- shock absorber
- attachment of connective tissue to skeleton
what are the endocrine adaptations to anaerobic training
- upregulation of androgen receptor content within 48-72 hours after workout - greater production and release of hormones
- increase in muscular strength and endurance
What are the acute cardiovascular and respiratory responses to anaerobic training
increase in cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, oxygen uptake, blood pressure, and blood flow
what are the chronic cardiovascular and respiratory responses at rest
decrease in heart rate and blood flow
what are the chronic cardiovascular adaptions to anaerobic exercise
cardiac output and stroke volume increase
ventilatory response to anaerobic exercise
unaffected or moderately improved
power improvements from anaerobic exercise
improvements in maximum strength, increased force output at higher rate of force development
improvements in muscular endurance from anaerobic exercise
improved oxidative and buffering capacity, increased mitochondrial and capillary number, fibre type transitions, increased resistance to fatigue, increased metabolic enzyme activity
body composition improvements from anaerobic training
increase in fat free mass and reduce in body fat, increase in metabolic rate and energy expenditure during exercise
aerobic capacity improvements from anaerobic training
increase in VO2 max
motor performance improvements from motor performance
increase running economy, increased vertical jump, increased sprint speed, increased swinging and throwing velocity, increased kicking performance
