Lecture 2B - endocrine system response to resistance exercise Flashcards
define the term ‘hormones’
chemical messengers within the body that are synthesised, stored and released into blood by endocrine glands and certain other cells
what are the function of hormones
protein synthesis and degradation
what are the hormones released from the Anterior pituitary gland
- Luitenizing Hormone
- Growth Hormone
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
state 5 systematic hormones
insulin, cortisol, insulin - like growth factor, estrogen, testosterone
define upregulation
increase in the number of receptors in a cell
define downregulation
a decrease in the number of receptors in a cell
What are the categories of Hormones
steriod hormone interactions and polypeptide hormone interactions
describe the action of steriod hormone interactions
the drug easily passes in the cell (bi-lipid layer) and attaches directly on the nucleus of the target cell
describe the action of a polypeptide hormone interactions
drug have to rely on a primary receptor (secondary messenger) to get past the cell membrane
describe the hormones secreted in response to exercise
- testosterone
- GH
- IGF-1
- Cortisol
what are the most prominent muscular adaptations to exercise
- increase in amount of contractile proteins
- conversion of type 2x to type 2a muscle fibres
- decrease in type 1 fibre protein degradation
- increase in type 2 fibre protein synthesis
what are contributing factors to hormonal changes in peripheral blood
circadian pattern (time of day), tissue clearance rates, venous pooling, hormone interactions with binding proteins
Describe the adaptations that occur in the endocrine system to resistance training
- amount of synthesis and storage of hormones
- time needed for clearance of hormones through liver and other tissues
- increase number of receptors in tissue
Explain the function of growth hormone
- lower glucose utilisation
- lower glycose synthesis
- increase amino acids transport across the cell
- increase fatty acid breakdown
- increase collagen and cartilage growth
- enhance immune cell function
what are the exercise variables that increase testosterone
large muscle group exercises, heavy resistance, moderate to high volumes of exercises, short rest intervals
what is the role of insulin -like growth factors
protein anabolism
what are acute and chronic changes to IGF-1 when completing resistance training
resistance training men - higher resting IGF-1 levels than untrained males
women have elevated resting IGF-1 levels
what hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete
epinepherine and norepinepherine
what hormone does the adrenal cortex secrete
cortisol
what are the functions of cortisol
- increase muscle protein breakdown
- inhibit muscle protein synthesis
- supress many glucose dependant processes
