lecture 3

Question 1

What are the normal values for Na (mEq/L)?

Answer 1

140 in the ECF

14 in the ICF

Na is more present in the ESF

Question 2

what is the normal value for K (mEq/L)?

Answer 2

4 in the ECF

120 in the ICF

K is more present in the ICF

Question 3

What is the normal values for Ca?

Answer 3

2.5 in the ECF

and 0.0001 in the ICF

much more presence in the ECF

Question 4

Normal values for Mg?

Answer 4

0.8 in the ECF

20 in the ICF

Mg is more present in the cell

Question 5

Values of Cl?

Answer 5

ECF = 105

ICF = 10

Cl is found more outside the cell

Question 6

Normal values of HCO3?

Answer 6

24 in the ECF

10 in the ICF

more present outside the cell

Question 7

what is the pH inside and outside the cell?

Answer 7

pH inside is 7.4

pH outside the cell is 7.1

Question 8

value for osmolarity?

Answer 8

Same inside and outside the cell

290

Question 9

How is a steady state different from equilibrium?

Answer 9

The main difference between these two terms is that equilibrium is when parameters are maintained with no net energy transfer

while, a steady state is unchanging and needs energy expenditure; unchanging with time.

Question 10

What is positive feedback and what is an example?

Answer 10

This is a feedback loop that will amplify a signal to deviate further away from normal

an example is giving birth

Question 11

What is a negative feedback loop and what is an example?

Answer 11

Negative feedback is when an action is taken to further prevent change form normal conditions

an example is increased blood glucose