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Physics exam 2 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Boyles law formula

A

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

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2
Q

According to Boyles law, as volume decreases pressure:

A

increases

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3
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and volume according to Boyles law?

A

inversely proportional

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4
Q

What is constant in Boyles law?

A

temperature

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5
Q

Diaphragm contraction is an application of what law?

A

Boyles

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6
Q

Squeezing the bag on the anesthesia machine is an application of what law?

A

Boyles

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7
Q

Pneumatic bellows are an application of what law?

A

Boyles

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8
Q

A 5L cylinder has 2200 psi. If pressure is reduced to 100 psi, you can calculate the volume change using:

A

Boyles law

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9
Q

Charles’s Law formula:

A

V1/T1 = V2/T2

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10
Q

Charles’s law says that the volume of gas changes in direct proportion to temperature at _____ rate for every gas.

A

same

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11
Q

Which law? At constant pressure the volume of a gas increases or decreases in direct proportion to its temperature.

A

Charles’s Law

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12
Q

According to Charles’s law, when heat is applied to a gas the gas will:

A

expand

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13
Q

LMA rupture when placed in autoclave is example of:

A

Charles’s law

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14
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law formula

A

P1/T1 = P2/T2

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15
Q

Which law? If the volume of gas is constant the pressure varies directly with temperature

A

Gay-Lussacs

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16
Q

Heating a gas cylinder could result in an explosion. this is an example of:

A

Gay-Lussacs law

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17
Q

What is constant in Gay-Lussacs law?

A

volume

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18
Q

What is constant in Charles’s law?

A

pressure

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19
Q

Which law? At equal temperature and pressure equal volumes of gas contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical nature and physical properties

A

Avogadro’s law

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20
Q

Avogadro’s law states that as the number of particles of gas increase, the volume:

A

increases

21
Q

Ideal gas law formula:

A

PV = nrT

22
Q

One mole of any gas at 0º C will expand to

A

22.4 L

23
Q

Which laws combine to make up the ideal gas law?

A

Boyles, Gay-Lussac, and Charles

24
Q

Which law? The total pressure is the additive pressure of each individual gas in a mixture

A

Dalton

25
Q

Which law? Multiple gases in a mixture exert a pressure in proportion to its percentage in the mixture

A

Dalton

26
Q

Dalton law formula:

A

P1 + P2 + P3 + … = P(total)

27
Q

Which law: The total number of gas molecules dissolved in a liquid varies directly with the partial pressure of the gas overlying the liquid at constant temp

A

Henry

28
Q

According to Henry’s law, the higher the pressure of the gas, _________ it dissolves into a liquid

A

the more it dissolves

29
Q

How is solubility effected by temp?

A

lower temp = more soluble

30
Q

Emergence is prolonged in hypothermic patients because:

which law and why?

A

Henrys

gases are highly soluble at decreased temperatures. Less gas leaves the body by exhalation per unit time

31
Q

Overpressurizing a vaporizer is an example of:

A

Henry’s law
Overpressurizing a vaporizer on induction increases concentration at the alveolocapillary interface, hastens transfer to blood stream and brain.

32
Q

Increasing FiO2 or placing patient in hyperbaric chamber is an application of:

A

Henry’s law

to improve oxygen dissolved in blood

33
Q

Which law? Describes the transfer rate (diffusion) of a gas through a tissue medium

A

Fick’s

34
Q

Diffusion definition:

A

a process in which molecules move through pores and channels within the membrane

35
Q

Increased partial pressure difference does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

A

increases rate of transfer

Fick’s

36
Q

Increased diffusion coefficient does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

A

increases rate of transfer

Fick’s

37
Q

Increased solubility does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

A

increases rate of transfer

Fick’s

38
Q

Increased membrane surface area does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

A

increases rate of transfer

Fick’s

39
Q

Increased membrane thickness does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

A

decreases rate of transfer
Fick’s
(inversely proportional)

40
Q

Increased molecular weight does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

A

decreases rate of transfer
Fick’s
(inversely proportional)

41
Q

Diffusion hypoxia is a clinical application of:

A

ficks law

42
Q

Drug transfer across the placenta is a clinical application of:

A

Fick’s law

43
Q

Cardiac output calculation is a clinical application of:

A

Fick’s law

44
Q

A patient with COPD having a slower rate of inhalational induction is an example of which law?

A

Fick’s law
decreased alveolar surface area and increases membrane thickness both contribute to decreased rate of diffusion of gas through a tissue

45
Q

Identify the law: When a body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid (liquid, gas, or gas mixture), the fluid pushes it upward with a buoyant force equal to the weight of displaced fluid.

A

Archimedes principle

46
Q

Air in a syringe is a clinical example of

A

Archimedes principle

47
Q

Which principle is used in interventions to treat venous air embolism and how?

A

Archimedes principle

  • surgeon floods field with saline
  • trendelenberg
  • left lateral position when possible
  • removal of embolism through right heart catheter
48
Q

How do you calculate FiO2?

A

FiO2 = [(air flow rate x 21) + (oxygen flow rate x 100)] / total flow rate

Physics exam 2 (3 decks)

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