Lecture 3

Question 1

What are minor conditions?

Answer 1

Severe forms of normal experiences

• e.g. phobias, anxiety, OCD
• they cause considerable personal distress and difficulty coping

Question 2

What are major conditions?

Answer 2

More serious - distortion of a person’s perception of reality
- e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar, major depression

Question 3

What do anxiolytic medications do?

Answer 3

Reduce anxiety

Question 4

What do hypnotics do?

Answer 4

Promote sleep

Question 5

What do antipsychotic drugs do?

Answer 5

Control delusions, hallucinations

Question 6

What do antidepressants do?

Answer 6

Relieve the symptoms of depression

Question 7

What are types of hypnotics?

Answer 7

Benzodiazepines

Rohypnol & Clonazepam

Question 8

What are types of antidepressants?

Answer 8

Celexa

Prozac

Question 9

What are mood stabilising drugs?

Answer 9

Used in affective disorders like mania

Question 10

What are types of mood stabilising drugs?

Answer 10

Lithium carbonate

Question 11

What are psychostimulants?

Answer 11

Used to elevate mood

Question 12

What are cognitive enhancing drugs?

Answer 12

Used in dementia

Question 13

What are types of cognitive enhancing drugs?

Answer 13

Donepezil

Question 14

Advantages of psychiatric medications

Answer 14

• Help to control symptoms
• Stabilise the illness - delays/prevents relapse
• Improves daily functioning, self-care
• Reduced stigma and discrimination due to symptoms
• Greater feeling of control over illness

Question 15

Disadvantages of psychiatric medications

Answer 15

• Side-effects can be more problematic than then illness
• Cost of medications
• Feelings of being controlled by others
• Stigma of having to take psych medications

Question 16

What is the biochemistry of schizophrenia?

Answer 16

Excess dopamine

Question 17

What is the biochemistry of depression?

Answer 17

depletion of noradrenaline and serotonin

Question 18

What is the biochemistry of anxiety disorders

Answer 18

reduced serotonin transmission

Question 19

What does dopamine do?

Answer 19

Determination
Obsession
Pleasure

Question 20

What does serotonin do?

Answer 20

Sleep
Emotion
Remember

Question 21

What does norepinephrine do?

Answer 21

No hesitation
On alert
Recall memory

Question 22

1st vs 2nd generation medications: MOA

Answer 22

1st:
- Dopamine receptors are blocked
2nd:
- Serotonin AND dopamine receptors are blocked

Question 23

1st vs 2nd generation medications: affect

Answer 23

2nd:
- effective for both positive and negative symptoms
- This means that motivation and energy is increased - more willingness to participes in rehab and other skill development
- Have fewer side effects and have less of an impact on motor functioning - more acceptable
- Improve cognitive impairment (increase capacity for learning skills)

Question 24

How do antipsychotics work?

Answer 24

• Reduce release of NT from presynaptic neuron
• Increase reuptake of NT into neuron 1
• Increase breakdown of NT

Question 25

What is Parkinsonism?

Answer 25

• Rigidity of muscles
• Slow movement
• Shuffling gait
• Prone to falls

Question 26

What is dystonia?

Answer 26

• Stiffness of muscles of head and neck

- Upward rotation of eyes

Question 27

What is akathisia?

Answer 27

• Feeling of restlessness in lower limbs

- Inability to remain seated, stand still

Question 28

What is tardive dyskinesia?

Answer 28

• Impacts on muscles of mount, tongue and jaw

Question 29

Are antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers addictive?

Answer 29

NO

Question 30

What are mood disorders?

Answer 30

• Bipolar
• Mania
• Major depression

Question 31

Depression treatment

Answer 31

1. Do nothing
2. GP
   - Early intervention - management of suicide risk