Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are minor conditions?
Severe forms of normal experiences
- e.g. phobias, anxiety, OCD
- they cause considerable personal distress and difficulty coping
What are major conditions?
More serious - distortion of a person’s perception of reality
- e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar, major depression
What do anxiolytic medications do?
Reduce anxiety
What do hypnotics do?
Promote sleep
What do antipsychotic drugs do?
Control delusions, hallucinations
What do antidepressants do?
Relieve the symptoms of depression
What are types of hypnotics?
Benzodiazepines
Rohypnol & Clonazepam
What are types of antidepressants?
Celexa
Prozac
What are mood stabilising drugs?
Used in affective disorders like mania
What are types of mood stabilising drugs?
Lithium carbonate
What are psychostimulants?
Used to elevate mood
What are cognitive enhancing drugs?
Used in dementia
What are types of cognitive enhancing drugs?
Donepezil
Advantages of psychiatric medications
- Help to control symptoms
- Stabilise the illness - delays/prevents relapse
- Improves daily functioning, self-care
- Reduced stigma and discrimination due to symptoms
- Greater feeling of control over illness
Disadvantages of psychiatric medications
- Side-effects can be more problematic than then illness
- Cost of medications
- Feelings of being controlled by others
- Stigma of having to take psych medications
What is the biochemistry of schizophrenia?
Excess dopamine
What is the biochemistry of depression?
depletion of noradrenaline and serotonin
What is the biochemistry of anxiety disorders
reduced serotonin transmission
What does dopamine do?
Determination
Obsession
Pleasure
What does serotonin do?
Sleep
Emotion
Remember
What does norepinephrine do?
No hesitation
On alert
Recall memory
1st vs 2nd generation medications: MOA
1st:
- Dopamine receptors are blocked
2nd:
- Serotonin AND dopamine receptors are blocked
1st vs 2nd generation medications: affect
2nd:
- effective for both positive and negative symptoms
- This means that motivation and energy is increased - more willingness to participes in rehab and other skill development
- Have fewer side effects and have less of an impact on motor functioning - more acceptable
- Improve cognitive impairment (increase capacity for learning skills)
How do antipsychotics work?
- Reduce release of NT from presynaptic neuron
- Increase reuptake of NT into neuron 1
- Increase breakdown of NT
What is Parkinsonism?
- Rigidity of muscles
- Slow movement
- Shuffling gait
- Prone to falls
What is dystonia?
- Stiffness of muscles of head and neck
- Upward rotation of eyes
What is akathisia?
- Feeling of restlessness in lower limbs
- Inability to remain seated, stand still
What is tardive dyskinesia?
- Impacts on muscles of mount, tongue and jaw
Are antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers addictive?
NO
What are mood disorders?
- Bipolar
- Mania
- Major depression
Depression treatment
- Do nothing
- GP
- Early intervention - management of suicide risk
