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OCTY2210 MS Exam > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

A
  • A group of progressive degenerative conditions
  • Late onset impacting UMN & LMN
  • Causes death of the muscles that control voluntary muscles
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2
Q

Average on set of ALS

A

58 years (peak 55-75)

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3
Q

Symptoms of ALS

A 
UMN: 
- Weakness
- Spasticity 
- Hyperreflexia 
LMN:
- Weakness of extremities
- Cervical extensor weakness  
- Fasciculations 
- Breathing problems
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4
Q

What does ALS not impact (function wise)

A
  • Eye, bowel/bladder or sensory function
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5
Q

Medical management of ALS

A
  • Medication (muscles cramping, pain, etc.)

- Ventilator/feeding

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6
Q

OT & ALS

A
  • Looking at what is important to the client, how ALS impacts their function and what their priorities are
  • Want to maximise function to compensate for declining motor function
    (e. g. occupational focus, exercise, equipment or AT)
  • Edu!
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7
Q

What is Friedreich’s Ataxia?

A
  • Inherited disease
  • Spinal cord and peripheral nerves degenerate
  • Causes morot and sensory implications
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8
Q

Onset of Friedreich’s Ataxia

A

5 & 15

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9
Q

What does Friedreich’s Ataxia NOT impact

A

Cognitive functions

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10
Q

Signs & symptoms of Friedreich’s Ataxia

A
  • Gait ataxia (difficulty with walking - spreads to upper limbs)
  • Loss of sensation
  • Scoliosis
  • Dysarthria
  • Diabetes
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11
Q

Medical management of Friedreich’s Ataxia

A
  • Treat symptoms
  • Often confined to a wheelchair
    >think about home assessments
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12
Q

Addressing ataxia

A 
- Provide stabilisation and support 
>reduce the degree of freedom
>postural support 
- Modified approach to occupations 
- Adapted equipment and orthoses 
- Impact of emotional upset or fatigue
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13
Q

OT & Friedreich’s Ataxia

A

SAME AS ALS

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14
Q

What is MS?

A
  • Condition that results from lesions of what matter in CNS

- Typically myelin damage on axons

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15
Q

Signs of MS

A

(related to area of CNA affected)

  • Weakness
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Dysmetria
  • Impaired vibratory or position sensation
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16
Q

What are the three patters of MS?

A
  1. Relapsing and remitting
  2. Secondary-progressive
  3. Primary-progressive
17
Q

Atypical patterns of MS

A
  • Benign course
    >younger females with primarily sensory symptoms
    >if minimal disability at 5 years then is considered benign
  • Progressive relapsing
    >steadily progressive but has specific relapses
18
Q

Medical management of MS

A
  • Immune modulating medication

- Medications for fatigue, spasticity, depression, pain, etc.

19
Q

Psychosocial consequences of MS

A
  • Impact on worker role
  • Financial consequences
  • Other role changes
  • Self-esteem/identity
  • Adjustment to diagnosis
  • Impact on family and relationships
20
Q

OT & MS

A 
Assessment 
- Occupational role performance 
- Occupational performance tasks 
- Task selection and analysis 
- Critical control parameters 
>environmental: performance context
>person: performance components
21
Q

OT & MS intervention

A 
- Activity strategies and energy conservation 
>fatigue management 
- Task and environmental modification 
- Employment modifications 
- Exercise programs
22
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A

Condition that affects tremor and gait

23
Q

Early signs of Parkinson’s

A
  • Tremor
  • Rigidity
  • Postural instability
24
Q

Later signs of Parkinson’s

A
  • Festinating gait
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Autonomic deficits
25
Q

What are the stages of Parkinson’s Disease?

A
  • Stage 1: Unilateral symptoms, no or minimal functional implications, usually a resting tremor
  • Stage 2: Midline or bilateral symptom, no balance difficulty, mild problems with trunk mobility and postural reflexes
  • Stage 3: Postural instability, mild to moderate functional disability
  • Stage 4: Postural instability increasing, though able to walk. Functional disability increasing with impact on ADL, decreased manipulation and dexterity
    Stage 5: Confined to a wheelchair
26
Q

Medical management of Parkinson’s

A
  • Levodopa - a dopamine agonist to counteract the loss of dopamine with destruction of substantia nigra
  • Stereotactic surgery
27
Q

Psychosocial consequences of Parkinson’s

A
  • Distress with resting tremor
  • Role changes
  • Depression
  • Self-esteem issues with increasing dependence
  • Financial burden
28
Q

OT & Parkinson’s

A
  • Role of OT is dependent on stage of PD
  • Activity program to maintain ROM & strength
  • Developing habits and routines to promote OP
  • Environmental modifications
  • Task modifications
29
Q

OT assessments for PD

A
  • Occupational profile
  • Occupational performance areas
  • Environmental assessment
  • Performance components
30
Q

What is Guillain Barre Syndrome?

A
  • Auto immune inflammatory condition what destroys myelin sheath and sometimes axons
31
Q

Signs and symptoms of Guillain Barre Syndrome

A
  • Weakness and sensory changes in distal aspects of extremities (progresses to proximal trunk)
  • Problems with swallowing, breathing, speaking, blood pressure and HR
32
Q

Medical management for Guillain Barre Syndrome

A
  • Immunomodulatory therapy to reduce impact

- Medication to treat complications

33
Q

OT & Guillain Barre Syndrome

A
  • Psychosocial support
  • Preventative strategies during period of paralysis
  • Careful programming to increase movement
34
Q

What is post-polio syndrome?

A

Development of new muscle pain and increasing weakness as adults

35
Q

What are the 6 criteria for post-polio syndrome

A
  1. Acute poliomyelitis
  2. With a period of recovery
  3. Gradual or sudden onset of new progressive weakness or fatigue
  4. Difficulty breathing or swallowing
  5. Persist one year or more
  6. Other causes ruled out
36
Q

OT & post-polio syndrome

A
  • Occupational profile
  • Occupational performance areas
    >energy conservation and work simplification
    >environmental adaptation
    >assistive equipment
  • Psychosocial support
  • Fatigue and pain management

OCTY2210 MS Exam (7 decks)

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