Lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is individual decision making linked to?

A

Knowledge and behaviour

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2
Q

What influences behaviour?

A

interactions between attitudes, contextual factors and prior decisions

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3
Q

What is the example for demonstrating the greater importance of behaviour than knowledge upon decision mking?

A

students studying this module are in the top 2 or 3 percent but have similar actions towards everyone else

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4
Q

What are other determinants upon decision making behaviour?

A

socio-economic position

children

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5
Q

What setting might people be more willing to accept going vegetarian? and why?

A

If food is made for them because:

1) better for environment
2) no one therefore wants to be seen as that person being a dick
3) easier to have what you have been served

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6
Q

What particular influence upon environmental decisions is heavily influenced by other factors?

A

having another child

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7
Q

what is the rebound effect?

A

when behavioural responses to energy efficient decisions result in a less efficient outcome than was intended

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8
Q

What is the backfire effect

A

behavioural response to energy efficient decisions results in more energy beig consumed than before

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9
Q

What is the example of a backfire effect?

A

buying an energy efficient lightbulb that takes longer to warm up so people just leave it on all the time

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10
Q

What part of the population are the highest emitters and why?

A

High income population leads to high mobility (personal transport, more holidays/fligths means more emissions

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11
Q

What also causes high income earners to emit the most?

A

They usually have big houses which are energy intensive

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12
Q

What are 4 reasons for targeting the rich population?

A
  1. significant component of total energy consumption
  2. aspirational status drives higher consumption in rest of society (e.g. MIC)
  3. Starting point for reducing average consumption
  4. component of a wider policy package
  5. fairness compared to poorer populations
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13
Q

What is the possible drawback with targeting the rich?

A

it will affect the poor even worse depending on the actions that are implemented

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14
Q

What did Nicholas (2017) and Wynes and Nicholas (2017) state?

A

Individuals in developed countries can take 4 actions to reduce emissions: plant-based diet, reduce car usage, reduce flights, think about next generation (i.e. have one less fewer child)

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15
Q

willingness to adopt less meat option increases with perceived effectiveness

A

What did de Boer, Witt and Aiking (2016) state?

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16
Q

What did Druckman et al. (2011) state?

A
  • Rebound effect
  • Difference between rebound and backfire
  • The lowest possible rebound effect is 12%
  • the rebound effect for combination of 3 abatement actions by UK households they estimate as 34%.
17
Q

What did Chitnis et al. (2012) state?

A

Direct vs indirect rebound. Direct is increased consumption of activity, indirect means increased consumption of other activities that are energy consuming

18
Q

What did Fawcett (2016) state?

A

policy designed on consumption could be designed in a number of different ways: individuals and households, products and homes or both.

19
Q

alleged carbon footprints can greatly reduce the researcher’s credibility compared to low footprints. This then affects participant’s reported intentions to change

A

What did Attari, Krantz and Weber (2016) state?