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Mosier Neuro > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord is a continuation of _______

A

The brainstem

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2
Q

Where does the solid spinal cord end and at what vertebral level, in adults?

A

Ends at the Conus Medullaris around L1-L2

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3
Q

What is the Conus Medullaris tethered to? And by what?

A
  • Tethered to the coccyx

- By the Filum Terminale

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4
Q

What are the 3 meningeal layers?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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5
Q

What 3 general components of the nervous system do the meningeal layers cover? And where do they continue to?

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal cord
  3. Nerve roots
  4. Continue into sacrum
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6
Q

What 3 things make up the Cauda Equina?

A

Spinal nerve pairs from:

  1. L2
  2. Sacral nerves
  3. Coccygeal nerve
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7
Q

Where does the anterior spinal artery(s) arise from and extend to?

Is it single or paired?

A
  • Arises from the vertebral artery
  • Extends to the conus Medullaris
  • Single artery
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8
Q

Where does the posterior spinal artery(s) arise from, and extend to?

Single or paired?

A
  • Arises from the vertebral artery
  • Extends to the conus Medullaris
  • Paired
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9
Q

Where do the radicular arteries arise from? (2)

A
  1. Intercostal arteries

2. Lumbar arteries

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10
Q

What 3 sets of arteries supply the spinal cord?

A
  1. Anterior spinal artery
  2. Posterior spinal arteries
  3. Radicular arteries
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11
Q

What are dorsal roots?

Where do they arise from?

A
  • SENSORY fibers

- Rising from the cell bodies in the Dorsal Root Ganglia

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12
Q

What are Ventral roots?

Where do they arise from?

A
  • Motor fibers

- Arise from the ventral horn of the spinal cord

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13
Q

What 2 things combine to form spinal nerves?

A
  1. Dorsal (sensory) roots

2. Ventral (motor) roots

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14
Q

Where are interneuron cell bodies located?

What do they connect?

What are they responsible for?

A
  • Located in the dorsal horn of the spine
  • Connect the sensory & motor neurons
  • Responsible for reflex responses to stimuli
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15
Q

What do mechanoreceptors detect and what is an example?

A
  • Detect mechanical deformation of the receptor or of cells adjacent to the receptor
  • ex: Baroreceptors
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16
Q

What do chemoreceptors detect? (4)

A

Taste, smell, oxygen levels, pH

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17
Q

What do thermoreceptors detect?

A

Temperature

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18
Q

What do nocioreceptors detect? (2)

A
  1. Pain

2. Damage to tissue (physical / chemical)

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19
Q

What do electromagnetic receptors detect?

A

Light on the retina

20
Q

What do proprioreceptors detect?

A

Degree of stretch in skeletal muscles, joints, tendons, & ligaments

21
Q

Cervical spinal nerves exist from ________ the respective vertebral body

22
Q

Spinal nerves, with the exception of cervical spinal nerves, emerge from the spinal cord ________ the same- numbered vertebral body

23
Q

Where does spinal nerve root 1 exit from?

A

Above C1 vertebral body

24
Q

Where does spinal nerve root 2 exit from?

A

Between C1 & C2 vertebral bodies

25
Where does spinal nerve root 8 exit from?
Below C7 vertebral body
26
What is dermatome T4 associated with?
Nipple level
27
What is dermatome T6 associated with?
Level of the tip of the xiphoid process
28
What is dermatome level T10 associated with?
Level of the umbilicus
29
What nerve is the sole motor supply of the diaphragm and where does it emerge from?
- Phrenic nerve | - Emerges from C3-C5
30
What does the brachial plexus innervate? Where ones it arise from? How is it primarily injured during sx?
- Innervates the upper limbs & shoulder - Arises from C5-T1 nerve roots - Improper positioning - primarily stretch injuries
31
- What does the ulnar nerve innervate? | - How should pts be positioned to avoid ulnar nerve injury?
- Innervates the muscles of the hand that ADDuct the thumb and pinky finger - Damaged with improper positioning of arms - Abducted arms MUST have supinated hands
32
What does the lumbar plexus arise from? What does it innervate?
- Arises from spinal nerves L1 - L4 | - Innervates anterior & medial muscles of thigh
33
What does the femoral nerve provide sensory innervation from? Motor innervation to?
- Sensory innervation to the anterior thigh | - Motor innervation to the quadriceps muscles
34
Where does the Sacral plexus arise from?
L4 - S4
35
Where does the sacral plexus provide sensory information from? Motor innervation to?
Sensory information from posterior pelvis, posterior thigh; anterior, posterior & lateral leg Motor innervation to muscles of pelvis & lower extremity (gluteal, posterior femoral, lower leg & foot)
36
Where does the sciatic nerve arise from? What 2 nerves does it form?
- Arises from L4 - S3 | - Tibial Nerve & common peroneal (fibular) nerve
37
Give 2 examples of how the common peroneal nerve can be damaged during sx & what does it cause?
- Damaged while in stirrups or in lateral position | - Damage can cause foot drop (inability to dorsiflex)
38
What are the 2 ascending tracts? What kind of information do they provide?
1. Anterolateral (spinothalamic) pathway 2. Posterior column - medial lemniscus pathway - Carry sensory impulses toward the brain
39
How many orders of neurons are associated with the ascending tracts?
3
40
Where do the first order neurons originate & terminate?
Originate in periphery Terminate in spinal cord
41
Where do the second order neurons ascend? Where do they terminate?
- Ascend in the spinal cord | - Terminate in the thalamus
42
Where do the third order neurons project to?
Specific cortex in the brain
43
What are the Descending Tract(s) & what is carried?
Corticospinal tract - carries ??sensory/motor?? impulses away from the brain
44
How many orders of neurons are associated with the Descending Tract(s)?
2 - upper & lower motor neurons
45
Where do the upper motor neurons originate & terminate?
(First order descending neurons) Originate in the brain Terminate in the spinal cord
46
Where do the lower motor neurons originate & terminate?
(Second order descending neurons) Originate in the spinal cord Terminate at the neuro-motor junction

Mosier Neuro (6 decks)

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