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Mosier Neuro > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 general components of the Nervous System?

A
  1. Central nervous system

2. Peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What are the 2 major components of the Central nervous system?

A
  1. Spinal cord

2. Brain

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3
Q

What are the 4 main components of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain stem
  4. Diencephalon
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4
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Temporal lobe
  3. Parietal lobe
  4. Occipital lobe
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5
Q

The ___________ is composed of both the cerebellum and the brainstem.

A

Midbrain

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6
Q

What are the 3 components of the brainstem?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
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7
Q

What are the 2 main components of the Peripheral nervous system?

A
  1. Autonomic nervous system

2. Somatic nervous system

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8
Q

What are the 2 components of the Autonomic nervous system?

A
  1. Sympathetic nervous system

2. Parasympathetic nervous system

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9
Q

What are the 2 main components of the somatic nervous system?

A
  1. Afferent

2. Efferent

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10
Q

Which nerves conduct impulses TOWARD the CNS? What is an example?

A

Afferent nerves; Ex: sensory nerves

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11
Q

Which nerves conduct impulses AWAY from the CNS? Example?

A

Efferent Nerves; Ex: Motor

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of neural cells (nerve cells)?

A
  1. Neuroglia

2. Neurons

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13
Q

What is the function of neuroglia cells?

A

Support, Regulation & protection of neurons

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14
Q

What are the functions of neurons?

A

Processing, transfer, & storage of information

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15
Q

What do Astrocytes form?

A

The “blood-brain barrier”

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16
Q

What is the function of astrocytes? (2)

A
  1. Allows passage of small, lipophilic molecules (EtOH, heroin, scopolamine)
  2. Prevents passage of large & charged molecules (dopamine, Glycopyrrolate)
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17
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

They produce the myelin sheath around the axons of the CNS

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18
Q

What are microglia?

A

Brain macrophages

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19
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A

Produce cerebral spinal fluid

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20
Q

What are the 4 main neuroglia of the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
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21
Q

Which part of the Nervous system are Schwann cells a part of?

A

PNS

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22
Q

What are the 2 major functions of Schwann cells?

A
  1. Produce myelin sheath around axons of PNS

2. Create neurilemma around axons

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23
Q

What is important regarding the PNS and neurilemma?

A

Neurilemma allow for potential regeneration of damaged axons in the PNS

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24
Q

Which part of the Nervous system can potentially regenerate? Why?

A

The PNS - have neurilemma that protects axons

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25
Q

Multiple sclerosis is an example of a __________ ___________ of the _______

A
  • demyelination disease

- CNS

26
Q

Giuliano-Barre is an example of a ___________ ____________ of the _________.

A
  • demyelination disease

- PNS

27
Q

What is glioblastoma?

A

A malignant tumor affecting brain or spine

28
Q

List 4 symptoms of glioblastoma:

A
  1. Blurred vision
  2. Headache
  3. Vomiting
  4. Seizures
29
Q

Which part of the neuron is stimulated by the environmental changes, or the activities of other cells?

A

Dendrites

30
Q

Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and other organelles?

A

Cell body

31
Q

Which part of the neuron conducts nerve impulse (action potential)toward synaptic terminals?

A

Axon

32
Q

Which part of the neuron affects another neuron or effector organ (muscle or gland)?

A

Synaptic terminals

33
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

enclose the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber.

34
Q

What is the perineurium?

A

the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle (fascicle) of nerve fibers within a nerve.

35
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

Bundles/groups of axons

36
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

Outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve

37
Q

Axons in the PNS are bundled together to form ________

A

Nerves

38
Q

Axons in the CNS are bundled together to form _________/_________

A

Tracts/pathways

39
Q

Most ____A____ are ____B____, so these structures will be part of “_____C____.”

A

A. Axons
B. Myelinated
C. White matter

40
Q

Cell bodies are clustered together in the PNS to form ________?

A

Ganglia

41
Q

Cell bodies are clustered together in the CNS to form ________/_________

A

Nuclei / center

42
Q

_____A_____ and __B__/___C___ are unmyelinated structures and will be part of “_____D_____”

A

A. Ganglia
B. Nuclei
C. Centers
D. “Gray matter”

43
Q

Thicker axons have ________ conduction velocity.

A

Faster

44
Q

What insulates the axon? And what is the result?

A
  • Myelin

- Increases conduction velocity

45
Q

______A_____ are unmyelinated segments between _____B______.

A

A. Nodes of Ranvier

B. Schwann cells

46
Q

What is neurolemma and what is it’s purpose?

A
  • A continual sheath around the myelin

- Essential in peripheral nerve regeneration

47
Q

What to parts of the nervous system DO NOT have neurolemma?

A
  1. Brain

2. Spinal cord

48
Q

The brain is a very ________ A _________ in terms of both _____B_____ and ______C_____

A

A. Complex structure
B. Structure
C. Function

49
Q

What are the 6 functions of the frontal lobe?

A
  1. Movement
  2. Thinking initiation
  3. Reasoning (judgement)
  4. Behavior (emotions)
  5. Memory
  6. Speaking
50
Q

What are the 4 functions of the temporal lobe?

A
  1. Understanding language
  2. Behavior
  3. Memory
  4. Hearing
51
Q

What are the 7 functions of the brain stem?

A
  1. Breathing
  2. Blood Pressure
  3. Heartbeat
  4. Swallowing
  5. Alertness/sleep
  6. Body temperature
  7. Digestion
52
Q

What are the 3 functions of the cerebellum?

A
  1. Balance
  2. Coordination
  3. Fine muscle control
53
Q

What are the 2 functions of the occipital lobe?

A
  1. Vision

2. Color blindness

54
Q

What are the 4 functions of the Parietal lobe?

A
  1. Knowing right from left
  2. Sensation
  3. Reading
  4. Proprioception
55
Q

What are the 2 parts of the diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalamus

2. Hypothalamus

56
Q

What is the function of the Thalamus?

A

Sensory Relay station

57
Q

What is the hypothalamus known as and what are it’s function?

A
  • “Captain of the Autonomic nervous system”
  • Regulates body temperature, blood pressure, digestive tract motility, Rate & depth of breathing, and many other visceral activities
58
Q

Describe where the frontal lobe is located:

A

The anterior aspect of the brain

59
Q

Describe where the parietal lobe is located?

A

Dorsal posterior aspect of brain, bordering the frontal, temporal and occipital lobe

60
Q

Describe where the occipital lobe is located:

A

Most posterior aspect of brain, bordering the parietal and temporal lobes, above the cerebellum

61
Q

Describe where the temporal lobe is located?

A

Mid-lateral aspect of brain, where ears would be. Borders the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes. Sits above cerebellum and brainstem

Mosier Neuro (6 decks)

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