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Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 general components of the Nervous System?

A
  1. Central nervous system

2. Peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What are the 2 major components of the Central nervous system?

A
  1. Spinal cord

2. Brain

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3
Q

What are the 4 main components of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain stem
  4. Diencephalon
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4
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Temporal lobe
  3. Parietal lobe
  4. Occipital lobe
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5
Q

The ___________ is composed of both the cerebellum and the brainstem.

A

Midbrain

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6
Q

What are the 3 components of the brainstem?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
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7
Q

What are the 2 main components of the Peripheral nervous system?

A
  1. Autonomic nervous system

2. Somatic nervous system

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8
Q

What are the 2 components of the Autonomic nervous system?

A
  1. Sympathetic nervous system

2. Parasympathetic nervous system

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9
Q

What are the 2 main components of the somatic nervous system?

A
  1. Afferent

2. Efferent

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10
Q

Which nerves conduct impulses TOWARD the CNS? What is an example?

A

Afferent nerves; Ex: sensory nerves

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11
Q

Which nerves conduct impulses AWAY from the CNS? Example?

A

Efferent Nerves; Ex: Motor

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of neural cells (nerve cells)?

A
  1. Neuroglia

2. Neurons

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13
Q

What is the function of neuroglia cells?

A

Support, Regulation & protection of neurons

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14
Q

What are the functions of neurons?

A

Processing, transfer, & storage of information

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15
Q

What do Astrocytes form?

A

The “blood-brain barrier”

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16
Q

What is the function of astrocytes? (2)

A
  1. Allows passage of small, lipophilic molecules (EtOH, heroin, scopolamine)
  2. Prevents passage of large & charged molecules (dopamine, Glycopyrrolate)
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17
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

They produce the myelin sheath around the axons of the CNS

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18
Q

What are microglia?

A

Brain macrophages

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19
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A

Produce cerebral spinal fluid

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20
Q

What are the 4 main neuroglia of the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
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21
Q

Which part of the Nervous system are Schwann cells a part of?

A

PNS

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22
Q

What are the 2 major functions of Schwann cells?

A
  1. Produce myelin sheath around axons of PNS

2. Create neurilemma around axons

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23
Q

What is important regarding the PNS and neurilemma?

A

Neurilemma allow for potential regeneration of damaged axons in the PNS

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24
Q

Which part of the Nervous system can potentially regenerate? Why?

A

The PNS - have neurilemma that protects axons

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25
Multiple sclerosis is an example of a __________ ___________ of the _______
- demyelination disease | - CNS
26
Giuliano-Barre is an example of a ___________ ____________ of the _________.
- demyelination disease | - PNS
27
What is glioblastoma?
A malignant tumor affecting brain or spine
28
List 4 symptoms of glioblastoma:
1. Blurred vision 2. Headache 3. Vomiting 4. Seizures
29
Which part of the neuron is stimulated by the environmental changes, or the activities of other cells?
Dendrites
30
Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and other organelles?
Cell body
31
Which part of the neuron conducts nerve impulse (action potential)toward synaptic terminals?
Axon
32
Which part of the neuron affects another neuron or effector organ (muscle or gland)?
Synaptic terminals
33
What is the endoneurium?
enclose the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber.
34
What is the perineurium?
the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle (fascicle) of nerve fibers within a nerve.
35
What is a fascicle?
Bundles/groups of axons
36
What is the epineurium?
Outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve
37
Axons in the PNS are bundled together to form ________
Nerves
38
Axons in the CNS are bundled together to form _________/_________
Tracts/pathways
39
Most ____A____ are ____B____, so these structures will be part of “_____C____.”
A. Axons B. Myelinated C. White matter
40
Cell bodies are clustered together in the PNS to form ________?
Ganglia
41
Cell bodies are clustered together in the CNS to form ________/_________
Nuclei / center
42
_____A_____ and __B__/___C___ are unmyelinated structures and will be part of “_____D_____”
A. Ganglia B. Nuclei C. Centers D. “Gray matter”
43
Thicker axons have ________ conduction velocity.
Faster
44
What insulates the axon? And what is the result?
- Myelin | - Increases conduction velocity
45
______A_____ are unmyelinated segments between _____B______.
A. Nodes of Ranvier | B. Schwann cells
46
What is neurolemma and what is it’s purpose?
- A continual sheath around the myelin | - Essential in peripheral nerve regeneration
47
What to parts of the nervous system DO NOT have neurolemma?
1. Brain | 2. Spinal cord
48
The brain is a very ________ A _________ in terms of both _____B_____ and ______C_____
A. Complex structure B. Structure C. Function
49
What are the 6 functions of the frontal lobe?
1. Movement 2. Thinking initiation 3. Reasoning (judgement) 4. Behavior (emotions) 5. Memory 6. Speaking
50
What are the 4 functions of the temporal lobe?
1. Understanding language 2. Behavior 3. Memory 4. Hearing
51
What are the 7 functions of the brain stem?
1. Breathing 2. Blood Pressure 3. Heartbeat 4. Swallowing 5. Alertness/sleep 6. Body temperature 7. Digestion
52
What are the 3 functions of the cerebellum?
1. Balance 2. Coordination 3. Fine muscle control
53
What are the 2 functions of the occipital lobe?
1. Vision | 2. Color blindness
54
What are the 4 functions of the Parietal lobe?
1. Knowing right from left 2. Sensation 3. Reading 4. Proprioception
55
What are the 2 parts of the diencephalon?
1. Thalamus | 2. Hypothalamus
56
What is the function of the Thalamus?
Sensory Relay station
57
What is the hypothalamus known as and what are it’s function?
- “Captain of the Autonomic nervous system” - Regulates body temperature, blood pressure, digestive tract motility, Rate & depth of breathing, and many other visceral activities
58
Describe where the frontal lobe is located:
The anterior aspect of the brain
59
Describe where the parietal lobe is located?
Dorsal posterior aspect of brain, bordering the frontal, temporal and occipital lobe
60
Describe where the occipital lobe is located:
Most posterior aspect of brain, bordering the parietal and temporal lobes, above the cerebellum
61
Describe where the temporal lobe is located?
Mid-lateral aspect of brain, where ears would be. Borders the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes. Sits above cerebellum and brainstem

Mosier Neuro (6 decks)

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