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Dental Materials > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are composite resins cured by?

A

Visible light

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2
Q

Esthetic direct restorative

A

Composite resin

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3
Q

What is the primary benefit of composite resins?

A

Esthetics and ease of placement

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4
Q
  • Easy to Place
  • Excellent Clinical Outcomes
  • Poor Esthetics
A

Amalgams

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5
Q
  • Good Esthetics
  • Excellent Clinical Outcomes
  • More Difficult to Process
A

Ceramics

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6
Q
  • Easy to place
  • Moderate clinical outcomes
  • Good esthetics
A

Composite

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7
Q 
Hybrid Material of an organic phase (resin) and
an Inorganic (filler) phase
A

Composite

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8
Q

Are teeth composites?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Are composites direct restoration?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Advantages of Both Organic and Inorganic

Components

A

Composites

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11
Q

Tend to be Tougher but not as Strong or Wear Resistant

A

Organic polymers

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12
Q

Tend to be Strong and Wear Resistant but Brittle

A

Inorganic Materials

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13
Q

Second Component of

the ‘Ease of Use’ in resin

A

Visible light curing

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14
Q

Allows for long working time in resins

A

Command set

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15
Q

What does curing develop?

A

Mechanical properties

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16
Q

One of the Most Important Processes in Dental

Polymers

A

Polymerization

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17
Q

Another name for polymerization

A

crosslinking

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18
Q

How do you change crosslink density?

A

Number of crosslinking groups and the degree of crosslinking

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19
Q

Another name for degree of crosslinking

A

Degree of curing

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20
Q

Types of curing

A

Mixing (chemical)
Heat
Light

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21
Q
  • Operator Dependent – Working Time
  • No Special Tools
  • Chairside
A

Mixing (chemical) curing

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22
Q
  • Consistent, High Degree of Cure

- Not good In Vivo

A

Heat curing

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23
Q
  • Command Cure
  • Good In Vivo
  • Lower Degree of Cure – Limited Thickness
A

Light curing

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24
Q
  • Resin System
  • Filler
  • Bonding Agent
  • Visible Light Initiator
A

Components of composite resin

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25
Q

Most common resin system

A

BisGMA-TEGDMA

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26
Q

Stuctural component and diluent

A

Resin system

BisGMA-TEGDMA

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27
Q
  • Activation of initiator molecule to generate free radical
  • Initiation of monomer to generate a free-radical
  • Propagation of Free-Radical with Four Monomers
  • Termination of Free- Radical
A

Polymerization Process

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28
Q

Why type of bonds are polymer bonds?

A

Covalent

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29
Q

Do polymer bonds have a high of low molecular weight

A

High

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30
Q

Long molecules composed principally of nonmetallic

elements (organic chemistry C,O,N,H)

A

Polymer bonds

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31
Q

Entangled long chains

A

Polymers

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32
Q

Derive strength and properties from the entanglement

A

Polymer bonds

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33
Q

Allows for the relative ease of processing

A

Resin system

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34
Q

Unpolymerized resin …

A

Flows like honey

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35
Q

Provides the physical properties to resin systems

A

BisGMA

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36
Q

How is the viscosity in resin systems?

A

Very high and cannot be used alone

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37
Q

What is used with resin systems?

A

A reactive diluent (TEGDMA)

-30%-50%wt

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38
Q

More stain stiffness =

A

More viscosity

39
Q
  • Silica or Zirconia Based Inorganics
  • 50-80 wt% of the Composite
  • Has Surface Hydroxyl Groups
A

Filler

40
Q

Types of fillers

A
  • Micron (fine)
  • Nano (microfine)
  • Nano (microfine) in polymer matrix
41
Q

Higher filler loading results in a

A

Higher modulus

42
Q
  • Teeth are Nanocomposites
  • Smaller Fillers Should have Better Wear Properties
  • Allows for betting Polishing and Finish
  • Expectation of Better Mechanical Properties
A

Why smaller filler size

43
Q
  • Early Composites Had 20-30 µm Filler Particles
  • Fine Fillers 3-0.5 µm
  • Can be loaded at 77-88 wt percent in a Composite
A

Micron (fine) particles

44
Q
  • Typically 0.2-0.04 µm in Size
  • Very High Surface Area
  • Tendency to Aggregate
  • Maximum Loading 38 wt%
A

Nano (microfine) filler

45
Q

Filler with very high surface area

A

Nano (microfine) filler

46
Q

Filler with tendency to aggregate

A

Nano (microfine) filler

47
Q

-Microfine Fillers Polymerized in Matrix and Ground to 20-30 µm Particles
-Allows for Inorganic Loading up to
50-60 wt %
-Reduces Aggregation
-Poorer Filler to Matrix Bonding - No
Coupling Agent

A

Nano (microfine) in polymer matrix

48
Q

Filler that reduces aggregation

A

NANO (MICROFINE) IN POLYMER MATRIX

49
Q

Poorer filler to matrix bonding- no coupling agent

A

NANO (MICROFINE) IN POLYMER MATRIX

50
Q
  • Mixtures of Filler Sizes
  • Can Take Advantage of Having Some Microfill
  • Still have Loading of 70%
A

Hybrid composites

51
Q

Perma flow is a

A

Flowble composite

52
Q

Low viscosity composites have

A

better handling

53
Q
  • Low Viscosity – Better Handling
  • Lower Filler Content
  • Low Modulus
  • Higher Shrinkage
  • Cervical Abfraction Areas
A

Flowable composites

54
Q
  • Contains both 0.4 µm and 0.02-0.05 µm Fillers
  • 78% Filled
  • Nanofiller is Prepolymerized
A

Herculite Ultra- microhybrid (nanohybride)

55
Q

Nanofiller is prepolymerized in

A
  • Herculite ultra- microhybrid (nanohybrid)

- Filtrek Supreme (nanofill)

56
Q

Prepolymerized Nanofiller

78% Filled

A

Filtrek supreme (nanofill)

57
Q

Results from a Density Change of Monomer to Polymer

A

Polymerization shrinkage

58
Q

Inherent Property of Double Bond Polymerization

A

Polymerization shrinkage

59
Q

Has Less Molecular
Volume than the Sum
The Two Monomers

A

Methacrylate dimer

60
Q

How is polymerization shrinkage measured?

A

Density change

61
Q

Density change

A

Dilatometer

62
Q

-Important for Direct Composite Restoratives
-Important for any Material that Required Dimensional
Stability

A

Polymerization shrinkage

63
Q

What are the effects of polymerization shrinkage

A
  • Stress on tooth structure

- Microleaks and lead to secondary carries

64
Q

Has Both Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Character

A

Adhesive layer

65
Q

Water sorption mechanisms of degradation

A
  • Hydrolysis of coupling agent

- Hydrolysis of TEGDMA

66
Q

Most of the lab data is focused on

A

Mechanical properties

67
Q

Components of biomechanical unit

A
  • Restorative material
  • Tooth structure
  • Interface
  • -stress transferred
68
Q

Two component cement

A

Glass ionomer cement

69
Q

Two components of glass ionomer

A
  • Acidic polymer in aqueous solution

- Basic glass

70
Q

What is glass-ionomer cement cured by

A

Acid-base reaction

71
Q

What does glass ionomer cement release?

A

Fluoride

72
Q

What does glass ionomer have good adhesion to?

A

Tooth structure

73
Q
  • Polyacid
  • Basic Glass
  • Water
  • Modifiers (+) tartaric acid
A

Components of glass ionomer

74
Q

-Aluminafluorosilicate Glass
-Components Sintered at 1100-1500 oC
-Molten Glass Poured on Metal Surface and
Cooled in Water ‘Shock Cooling’
-Ground into 45 µm particles

A

Basic glass

75
Q

Reacts with basic glass

A

Poly Acid

76
Q

Is all glass consumed in the setting reaction?

A

No

77
Q

Form from the polyacid and glass

A

Salt bridges

78
Q

Not a well characterized process

A

Setting reaction

79
Q
  • Cleans smear layer

- Leaves smear plugs

A

Condition dentin

80
Q

Dissolves periphery of glass in glass ionomer reaction

A

Acid matrix

81
Q

What ions does glass release

A

Ca2+, Al3+, F-

82
Q

Quickly chelate with

acid polymer chain

A

Divalent Ca ions

83
Q
  • Al+3 replace Ca+2
  • Increase strength
  • F- released
A

24-72 hours into glass ionomer reaction

84
Q

What do acid side groups chelate with?

A

Glass and HA

85
Q

Attacks the surface of the glass. No coupling agent needed

A

Polyacid after glass ionomer setting

86
Q

Released upon setting

A

Sodium and Flouride ions

87
Q

Continue to be released over time

A

Na and F

88
Q

Hybrid Between Glass Ionomer and Compostie

Resin

A

Resin modified glass ionomer

89
Q

Has Both VLC and Acid-Base Curing

Mechanisms

A

Resin modified glass ionomers

90
Q

What does resin modified glass ionomers increase

A

Physical properties

91
Q

What does resin modified glass ionomers decreased

A

Initial solubility of GI in solution

92
Q

Improved over glass ionomer but inferior to composit resin

A

Resin modified glass ionomer

93
Q

Shows Initial Polymerization Shrinkage but

Expansion Upon Water Sorption

A

Resin modified glass ionomer

94
Q

-Will Release Fluoride at Levels Similar to
Conventional Glass Ionomers
-Will Have Some Polymerization Shrinkage but
Offset by Swell

A

Physical properties of RMGI

Dental Materials (3 decks)

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