Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dental Materials > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Were used in the
third century B.C., by the Greek physiologist,
Erasistratus, whilst the Egyptians utilized lead
and papyrus for catheter devices

A

Copper, tin, bronze and gold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Material used to construct artificial organs,
rehabilitation devices, or prostheses and replace
natural body tissues. Without causing any harm
or negative reactions

A

Biomaterials-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Composites

- Silicone Impression Materials

A

Synthetic biomaterials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Alginates

- Hydrocolloids

A

Natural Biomaterials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Stem cells

- Replacement tissues

A

Tissue-engineered Biomaterials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Hard
  • Ductile- tough
  • Strong
A

Metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Hard
  • Brittle
  • Strong
A

Ceramics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • Soft
  • Ductile-tough
  • Weak
A

Polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Difference between Metals and Ceramics

A

Metals are ductile, while ceramics are brittle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Have high processing temperatures

A

Metals and Ceramics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Have lower processing temperatures

A

Polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Used as Direct Processing Materials

A

Polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reinforce broken down teeth

A

Metal-ceramic crowns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Restore endo treated teeth

A

Post & core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Replace missing teeth

A

Implants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Have 1,2,3 electrons in their outer shell

A

Metallic elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Key to metallic bonds

A

electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

loosely bound to nucleus

A

electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • Free mobility
  • thermal and electrical conductivity
  • ductility-bend without breaking
A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Molten metal -> nuclei of crystalization -> Crystal growth -> crystallization of metal upon cooling -> formation of grains

A

Microstructure of metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Single phase-single composition

A

Polycrystalline structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mix of two or more metals

A

Metal alloys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cast metals for crowns and amalgams are

A

Metal alloys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Atoms can slide in

A

Ductile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  • Must be made to resist deformation

- Modified to impede dislocations

A

Strengthening nobel metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bonds associated with ceramic

A

Ionic and covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Stronger than metallic bons

A

Ionic and covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which bond is stronger ionic or covalent?

A

Covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Electron donor and electron acceptor

A

Ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Equally shared elections

A

Covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Non mobile ions

A

Ceramic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mixture of metallic and non-metallic elements

A

Microstructure of ceramics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Most common ceramics in dentistry

A

SiO2, Al2O3, K2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Building block of microstructure of ceramics

A

SiO4 tetrahedron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Long range order- microstructure of ceramics

A

Crystalline

Crystalline silicate-quartz or crystobilite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Short range order no long range- microstructures of ceramics

A

Noncrystalline

Amorphous silicate-glass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Most dental ceramics are

A

Semicrystalline or polycrystalline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Building block of dental porcelain

A

SiO4 tetrahedron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Primarily a glass with some crystalline residuals

A

Microstructure of dental porcelain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How is dental procelain processed?

A

By Sintering or melting at high temps

41
Q
  • Covalent bonds
  • High molecular weight
  • Long molecules composed principally of nonmetallic elements (Organic chemistry C,O,N,H)
A

Polymer bonds

42
Q

Entangled long chains

43
Q

Derive strength and properties from entanglement

A

Polymer bonds

44
Q
  • Light Activation of Initiator
  • Initiation of Monomer
  • Propagation of Free-Radical
  • Termination of Free-Radical
A

Polymerization process

45
Q

-Activation of Initiator Molecule to generate a Free-radical
-Initiation of a monomer to generate a free radical
Propagation of Free-Radical with Four Monomers
-Termination of free radical

A

Polymerization process

46
Q

Polymer formation liquid

47
Q

Polymer formation solid

48
Q

Polymer formation

A

polymerization

49
Q

Resin matrix

50
Q

Hasten free radical reaction

A

Initiator in resin matrix

51
Q

Four states of chain reaction polymerization

A
  • Activation
  • Initiation
  • Propagation
  • Termination
52
Q

Free radical initiation

A

Activation

53
Q

-Free radical combination
with monomer unit
-Double bond opening

A

Initiation

54
Q
  • Chain growth
  • Volume decrease
  • Shrinkage
A

Propagation

55
Q
  • Monomethacrylates
  • Dimethacrylates
  • Linear chains
  • Branched and crosslinked
A

Monomer functional groups

56
Q

What happens once a polymerization reaction starts

A

It can be fast and generate a lot of heat

57
Q

Allows for in vivo processing - Direct placement

A

Polymerization

58
Q
  • Flowable Material
  • Stable Material
  • Trigger for Setting
  • Rapid Setting
  • Room Temperature Setting -Reaction
A

Direct placement of polymerization

59
Q

Pros: Less preparation and one visit
Cons: Often do not last as long

A

Direct placement

60
Q

Pros: Longevity of restorative
Cons: Multiple visits and expensive

A

Indirect placement

61
Q

What are indirect restorative materials?

A

Metals and ceramics

62
Q

What are direct restorative materials?

63
Q

High processing temps

A

Metal and Ceramics

64
Q

Exception for metals

65
Q

Exception for ceramics

66
Q

Linear polymers

A

Provisionals-temporary crowns

67
Q

Crosslinked polymers

A

Adhesives and restoratives

68
Q

Physical mixtures of
metals, ceramics,
and/or polymers

A

Composites

69
Q

Goal is to achieve
some intermediate
properties between the
two material types

A

Composites

70
Q

Rule of mixtures

A

Dentin and enamel

71
Q

What makes is possible to predict the overall properties

A

Knowing the phases present in the structure of any material and interfacial interactions

72
Q

Dispersed phase of dental composits

A

Glass fillers

73
Q

Matrix phase of dental composit

A

Monomer resin

74
Q

What are fillers chemically bonded to

A

Resin phase

75
Q

Photoinitiators

76
Q

Silicate glass

Colloidal silic

A

Filler types

77
Q
  • Physical (environment)
  • Chemical (bonding affected)
  • Biological (living tissues)
  • Mechanical (forces
A

Materials properties

78
Q

Types of atomic arrangements

A

Crystalline (grains) vs non crystalline (glassy)

79
Q

Types of bonding

A
  • Primary

- Secondary

80
Q

Metallic, ionic, covalent

A

Primary bonding

81
Q

Hydrogen, van der Waals

A

Secondary bonding

82
Q

Types of composition

A

Elements and phases

83
Q

Types of defects

A
  • Macroscopic (pores)

- Atomic scale (microflaws)`

84
Q

Density =

A

Weight / unit volume

g/cm3

85
Q

Specific gravity -

A

Density of material/ density of water

aka relative density

86
Q

Most things expand when

heated and contract when cooled

A

Thermal expansion

87
Q

teeth are insulators due to high mineral content

88
Q

Measure of heat flow

A

Thermal conductivity

89
Q

Have high thermal conductivity so they need

thermal insulator like base

90
Q

Have low thermal conductivity so they do

not need base

A

Composites

91
Q

Conducts electricity

A

Metallic restorations

92
Q

Electrical insulators

A

Composites and ceramics

93
Q
  • Color
  • Translucency
  • Glass
  • Surface texture
A

Optical properties

94
Q

3 dimensions of color

A
  • Hue
  • Value
  • Chroma
95
Q
  • Wavelength

- Color (Roy G Biv)

96
Q
  • Intensity

- Brightness

97
Q
  • Purity

- Density or concentration

98
Q 
2 objects that appear
the same color under
one light source and
different under another
light sourse
A

Metamerism

99
Q

Different spectral characteristics

A

Metamerism

Dental Materials (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions