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Dental Materials > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Were used in the
third century B.C., by the Greek physiologist,
Erasistratus, whilst the Egyptians utilized lead
and papyrus for catheter devices

A

Copper, tin, bronze and gold

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2
Q

Material used to construct artificial organs,
rehabilitation devices, or prostheses and replace
natural body tissues. Without causing any harm
or negative reactions

A

Biomaterials-

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3
Q
  • Composites

- Silicone Impression Materials

A

Synthetic biomaterials

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4
Q
  • Alginates

- Hydrocolloids

A

Natural Biomaterials

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5
Q
  • Stem cells

- Replacement tissues

A

Tissue-engineered Biomaterials

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6
Q
  • Hard
  • Ductile- tough
  • Strong
A

Metals

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7
Q
  • Hard
  • Brittle
  • Strong
A

Ceramics

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8
Q
  • Soft
  • Ductile-tough
  • Weak
A

Polymers

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9
Q

Difference between Metals and Ceramics

A

Metals are ductile, while ceramics are brittle

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10
Q

Have high processing temperatures

A

Metals and Ceramics

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11
Q

Have lower processing temperatures

A

Polymers

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12
Q

Used as Direct Processing Materials

A

Polymers

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13
Q

Reinforce broken down teeth

A

Metal-ceramic crowns

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14
Q

Restore endo treated teeth

A

Post & core

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15
Q

Replace missing teeth

A

Implants

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16
Q

Have 1,2,3 electrons in their outer shell

A

Metallic elements

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17
Q

Key to metallic bonds

A

electrons

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18
Q

loosely bound to nucleus

A

electrons

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19
Q
  • Free mobility
  • thermal and electrical conductivity
  • ductility-bend without breaking
A

Electrons

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20
Q

Molten metal -> nuclei of crystalization -> Crystal growth -> crystallization of metal upon cooling -> formation of grains

A

Microstructure of metals

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21
Q

Single phase-single composition

A

Polycrystalline structures

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22
Q

Mix of two or more metals

A

Metal alloys

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23
Q

Cast metals for crowns and amalgams are

A

Metal alloys

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24
Q

Atoms can slide in

A

Ductile

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25
Q
  • Must be made to resist deformation

- Modified to impede dislocations

A

Strengthening nobel metals

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26
Q

Bonds associated with ceramic

A

Ionic and covalent

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27
Q

Stronger than metallic bons

A

Ionic and covalent

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28
Q

Which bond is stronger ionic or covalent?

A

Covalent

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29
Q

Electron donor and electron acceptor

A

Ionic bonds

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30
Q

Equally shared elections

A

Covalent bonds

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31
Q

Non mobile ions

A

Ceramic bonds

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32
Q

Mixture of metallic and non-metallic elements

A

Microstructure of ceramics

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33
Q

Most common ceramics in dentistry

A

SiO2, Al2O3, K2O

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34
Q

Building block of microstructure of ceramics

A

SiO4 tetrahedron

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35
Q

Long range order- microstructure of ceramics

A

Crystalline

Crystalline silicate-quartz or crystobilite

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36
Q

Short range order no long range- microstructures of ceramics

A

Noncrystalline

Amorphous silicate-glass

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37
Q

Most dental ceramics are

A

Semicrystalline or polycrystalline

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38
Q

Building block of dental porcelain

A

SiO4 tetrahedron

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39
Q

Primarily a glass with some crystalline residuals

A

Microstructure of dental porcelain

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40
Q

How is dental procelain processed?

A

By Sintering or melting at high temps

41
Q
  • Covalent bonds
  • High molecular weight
  • Long molecules composed principally of nonmetallic elements (Organic chemistry C,O,N,H)
A

Polymer bonds

42
Q

Entangled long chains

A

Polymers

43
Q

Derive strength and properties from entanglement

A

Polymer bonds

44
Q
  • Light Activation of Initiator
  • Initiation of Monomer
  • Propagation of Free-Radical
  • Termination of Free-Radical
A

Polymerization process

45
Q

-Activation of Initiator Molecule to generate a Free-radical
-Initiation of a monomer to generate a free radical
Propagation of Free-Radical with Four Monomers
-Termination of free radical

A

Polymerization process

46
Q

Polymer formation liquid

A

Monomers

47
Q

Polymer formation solid

A

polymer

48
Q

Polymer formation

A

polymerization

49
Q

Resin matrix

A

Monomers

50
Q

Hasten free radical reaction

A

Initiator in resin matrix

51
Q

Four states of chain reaction polymerization

A
  • Activation
  • Initiation
  • Propagation
  • Termination
52
Q

Free radical initiation

A

Activation

53
Q

-Free radical combination
with monomer unit
-Double bond opening

A

Initiation

54
Q
  • Chain growth
  • Volume decrease
  • Shrinkage
A

Propagation

55
Q
  • Monomethacrylates
  • Dimethacrylates
  • Linear chains
  • Branched and crosslinked
A

Monomer functional groups

56
Q

What happens once a polymerization reaction starts

A

It can be fast and generate a lot of heat

57
Q

Allows for in vivo processing - Direct placement

A

Polymerization

58
Q
  • Flowable Material
  • Stable Material
  • Trigger for Setting
  • Rapid Setting
  • Room Temperature Setting -Reaction
A

Direct placement of polymerization

59
Q

Pros: Less preparation and one visit
Cons: Often do not last as long

A

Direct placement

60
Q

Pros: Longevity of restorative
Cons: Multiple visits and expensive

A

Indirect placement

61
Q

What are indirect restorative materials?

A

Metals and ceramics

62
Q

What are direct restorative materials?

A

Polymers

63
Q

High processing temps

A

Metal and Ceramics

64
Q

Exception for metals

A

Amalgam

65
Q

Exception for ceramics

A

Cemetns

66
Q

Linear polymers

A

Provisionals-temporary crowns

67
Q

Crosslinked polymers

A

Adhesives and restoratives

68
Q

Physical mixtures of
metals, ceramics,
and/or polymers

A

Composites

69
Q

Goal is to achieve
some intermediate
properties between the
two material types

A

Composites

70
Q

Rule of mixtures

A

Dentin and enamel

71
Q

What makes is possible to predict the overall properties

A

Knowing the phases present in the structure of any material and interfacial interactions

72
Q

Dispersed phase of dental composits

A

Glass fillers

73
Q

Matrix phase of dental composit

A

Monomer resin

74
Q

What are fillers chemically bonded to

A

Resin phase

75
Q

Photoinitiators

A

composits

76
Q

Silicate glass

Colloidal silic

A

Filler types

77
Q
  • Physical (environment)
  • Chemical (bonding affected)
  • Biological (living tissues)
  • Mechanical (forces
A

Materials properties

78
Q

Types of atomic arrangements

A

Crystalline (grains) vs non crystalline (glassy)

79
Q

Types of bonding

A
  • Primary

- Secondary

80
Q

Metallic, ionic, covalent

A

Primary bonding

81
Q

Hydrogen, van der Waals

A

Secondary bonding

82
Q

Types of composition

A

Elements and phases

83
Q

Types of defects

A
  • Macroscopic (pores)

- Atomic scale (microflaws)`

84
Q

Density =

A

Weight / unit volume

g/cm3

85
Q

Specific gravity -

A

Density of material/ density of water

aka relative density

86
Q

Most things expand when

heated and contract when cooled

A

Thermal expansion

87
Q

teeth are insulators due to high mineral content

A

Heat flow

88
Q

Measure of heat flow

A

Thermal conductivity

89
Q

Have high thermal conductivity so they need

thermal insulator like base

A

Metals

90
Q

Have low thermal conductivity so they do

not need base

A

Composites

91
Q

Conducts electricity

A

Metallic restorations

92
Q

Electrical insulators

A

Composites and ceramics

93
Q
  • Color
  • Translucency
  • Glass
  • Surface texture
A

Optical properties

94
Q

3 dimensions of color

A
  • Hue
  • Value
  • Chroma
95
Q
  • Wavelength

- Color (Roy G Biv)

A

Hue

96
Q
  • Intensity

- Brightness

A

Value

97
Q
  • Purity

- Density or concentration

A

Chroma

98
Q 
2 objects that appear
the same color under
one light source and
different under another
light sourse
A

Metamerism

99
Q

Different spectral characteristics

A

Metamerism

Dental Materials (3 decks)

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