Lecture 3

Question 1

5 reasons to study gait

Answer 1

1. most common physical activity performed by humans
2. inability to walk limits ones ability to participate in society
3. Disease or trauma can disrupt the precision, coordination, speed, and versatility that is characteristic of normal walking
4. Abnormal gait patterns can affect the lower extremity
5. Provides insight into preferred movement tendencies

Question 2

4 basic functions of locomotor unit during gait

Answer 2

1. shock absorption
2. stance stability
3. Forward progression
4. energy conservation

Question 3

What are the passive shock absorbers?

Answer 3

Bone and cartilage

Question 4

What are the active shock absorbers?

Answer 4

Eccentric muscle contraction

Question 5

YOU CAN NEVER ELIMINATE PASSIVE SHOCK ABSORPTION

Answer 5

YOU CAN NEVER ELIMINATE PASSIVE SHOCK ABSORPTION

Question 6

What is the ideal angle for knee flexion while walking?

Answer 6

20˚ flexion

Question 7

What muscles are the most responsible for shock absorption at the knee?

Answer 7

Quads

Question 8

What are the 3 mechanisms of forward progression at the foot?

Answer 8

1. Heel rocker
2. Ankle rocker
3. Toe Rocker

Question 9

Where is the pivot point of the toe rocker mechanism?

Answer 9

Metatarsal heads

Question 10

What facilitates forward progression above the waist?

Answer 10

Forward fall of bodyweight

Question 11

How do we minimize energy costs during gait?

Answer 11

Minimize displacement of the center of mass

Question 12

What is the normal vertical change for COM?

Answer 12

2cm

Question 13

What is the normal horizontal change for COM?

Answer 13

correlates with stance limb (4cm)

Question 14

Phase

Answer 14

portion of a given movement cycle

Question 15

Objective

Answer 15

Basic requirement(s) of a given phase

Question 16

Critical event

Answer 16

Joint or segment motion(s) or positions that are required to accomplish an objective for a given phase

Question 17

What are the objectives of Loading response?

Answer 17

1. Shock absorption
2. Forward progression
3. Weight bearing stability

Question 18

What ankle mechanism facilitates forward progression in Loading response?

Answer 18

Heel rocker

Question 19

What are the objectives of mid-stance

Answer 19

1. Progression of COM over base of support

2. Single limb stance stability

Question 20

What ankle mechanism facilitates progression of COM over BOS in mid-stance?

Answer 20

Ankle rocker

Question 21

What are the objectives of Terminal stance?

Answer 21

Progression of COM beyond BOS

Question 22

What ankle mechanism facilitates progression of COM beyond BOS in Terminal stance?

Answer 22

Toe rocker

Question 23

What are the objectives of Pre-swing?

Answer 23

Initiate limb advancement

Question 24

What are the objectives of initial swing?

Answer 24

1. Limb advancement

2. Foot clearance

Question 25

What are the objectives of mid-swing?

Answer 25

1. Continued limb advancement

2. continued foot clearance

Question 26

What are the objectives of Terminal swing?

Answer 26

1. Complete limb advancement

2. Prepare limb for stance

Question 27

what are the 3 characteristics of stride?

Answer 27

1. velocity
2. Cadence
3. Stride length

Question 28

Gait velocity indicates what?

Answer 28

Walking ability

Question 29

What are the typical gait velocities for:

1. Shuffle
2. Stroll
3. Walk
4. Rush
5. Jog
6. Run

Answer 29

1) 1. 30m/min (1.1mph)
2) 60m/min (2.2mph)
3) 80m/min (3.0mph)
4) 100m/min (3.7mph)
5) 200m/min (7.4mph)
6) 300m/min (11.1mph)

Question 30

What is the average cadence for men?

Answer 30

108steps/min

Question 31

What is the average cadence for women?

Answer 31

116 steps/min

Question 32

1 stride =

Answer 32

2 steps

Question 33

step length =

Answer 33

heel contact on one side to heel contact opposite side