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Gait Analysis > Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What objective does the heel rocker in initial contact facilitate

A

forward progression

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2
Q

what angle and direction of flexion at the ankle is expected in loading response?

A

5 degrees PF

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3
Q

What muscle assists in forward progression heel rocker mechanism?

A

Tibialis anterior

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4
Q

From the end of loading response to the end of mid stance what is the change in ankle flexion?

A

5 PF to 5 DF

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5
Q

What does the change from 5 PF to 5 DF facilitate?

A

Progression of COM over BOS

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6
Q

What is the arc of motion from the end of loading response to the end of terminal stance at the ankle?

A

15 DF

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7
Q

What is the change in ankle flexion in terminal stance?

A

5 DF - 10 DF

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8
Q

What is the change in ankle flexion in pre-swing?

A

10 DF - 20 PF

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9
Q

What is the most rapid change of angle in the ankle in the gait cycle?

A

10 DF - 20 PF (Pre-swing)

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10
Q

What is the change in ankle flexion in initial swing?

A

20 PF - 5 PF

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11
Q

What is the change in ankle flexion in mid-swing?

A

5 PF - 0

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12
Q

What does the change in ankle flexion from 5 PF to 0 facilitate?

A

Foot clearance

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13
Q

What is the change in ankle flexion in Terminal Swing?

A

NONE (remains neutral)

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14
Q

What is the change in ankle rotation in initial contact?

A

3-5 Sup

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15
Q

Wha is the change in ankle rotation in loading response?

A

4-6 Pro

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16
Q

what is the change in ankle rotation in Midstance-terminal stance?

A

Pronation to neutral

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17
Q

What are objectives of pronation in loading response and midstance?

A

Shock absorption and Stance stability

18
Q

What is the angle of the ankle in the sagital plane at initial contact?

19
Q

What does pronation do to the midtarsal joints?

A

Unlockes them turning the foot into a mobile adaptor

20
Q

What does supination in midstance/terminal stance facilitate?

A

Progression of COM beyond BOS (toe rocker)

21
Q

What does supination do to the midtarsal joints?

A

Locks them turning the foot into a rigid lever

22
Q

What does foot pronation during loading response facilitate in the tibia?

A

Internal rotation

23
Q

What is the moment at the ankle during loading response?

A

Plantarflexion

24
Q

What are the agonists at the ankle in loading response?

A

Eccentric dorsiflexors

25
Q

What is the moment at the ankle during midstance?

A

Dorsiflextion

26
Q

What are the agonists of the ankle during midstance?

A

Eccentric plantarflexors

27
Q

What is the moment of the ankle during terminal stance?

A

increasing Dorsiflexion

28
Q

What are the agonists of the ankle during terminal stance?

A

Eccentric plantarflexors

29
Q

What is the moment of the ankle during pre-swing?

A

Reducing dorsiflexion

30
Q

What are the agonists of the ankle during pre-swing?

A

Reducing concentric calf demand

31
Q

What is the moment of the ankle during initial swing

A

Gravity driven plantarflexion

32
Q

What are the agonists of the ankle during initial swing?

A

Concentric dorsiflexors

33
Q

What is the moment of the ankle during mid-swing?

A

Gravity driven plantarflexion

34
Q

What are the agonists of the ankle during mid-swing?

A

Concentric dorsiflexors

35
Q

What is the moment of the ankle during Terminal swing?

A

Gravity driven plantarflexion

36
Q

What are the agonists of the ankle during Terminal swing?

A

Isometric dorsiflexors

37
Q

What 4 muscles control foot pronation during loading response?

A

Eccentric Inversion muscles:

  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. Tibialis Anterior
  3. Flexor hallicus longus
  4. Flexor digitorum longus
38
Q

What 3 muscles control foot supination during midstance-terminal stance?

A

Concentric inversion muscles

  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. Flexor hallicus longus
  3. Flexor digitorum longus
39
Q

What kind of torque pronates the foot?

40
Q

What is lateral sheer force?

A

Counterclockwise (pronation) torque

41
Q

What increases lateral sheer force in footwear?

A

Wider platform

42
Q

What increases plantarflexion torque and increases the demand of dorsiflexors in footwear?

A

Posterior flare

Gait Analysis (6 decks)

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