Foot and Ankle

Question 1

What objective does the heel rocker in initial contact facilitate

Answer 1

forward progression

Question 2

what angle and direction of flexion at the ankle is expected in loading response?

Answer 2

5 degrees PF

Question 3

What muscle assists in forward progression heel rocker mechanism?

Answer 3

Tibialis anterior

Question 4

From the end of loading response to the end of mid stance what is the change in ankle flexion?

Answer 4

5 PF to 5 DF

Question 5

What does the change from 5 PF to 5 DF facilitate?

Answer 5

Progression of COM over BOS

Question 6

What is the arc of motion from the end of loading response to the end of terminal stance at the ankle?

Answer 6

15 DF

Question 7

What is the change in ankle flexion in terminal stance?

Answer 7

5 DF - 10 DF

Question 8

What is the change in ankle flexion in pre-swing?

Answer 8

10 DF - 20 PF

Question 9

What is the most rapid change of angle in the ankle in the gait cycle?

Answer 9

10 DF - 20 PF (Pre-swing)

Question 10

What is the change in ankle flexion in initial swing?

Answer 10

20 PF - 5 PF

Question 11

What is the change in ankle flexion in mid-swing?

Answer 11

5 PF - 0

Question 12

What does the change in ankle flexion from 5 PF to 0 facilitate?

Answer 12

Foot clearance

Question 13

What is the change in ankle flexion in Terminal Swing?

Answer 13

NONE (remains neutral)

Question 14

What is the change in ankle rotation in initial contact?

Answer 14

3-5 Sup

Question 15

Wha is the change in ankle rotation in loading response?

Answer 15

4-6 Pro

Question 16

what is the change in ankle rotation in Midstance-terminal stance?

Answer 16

Pronation to neutral

Question 17

What are objectives of pronation in loading response and midstance?

Answer 17

Shock absorption and Stance stability

Question 18

What is the angle of the ankle in the sagital plane at initial contact?

Answer 18

90

Question 19

What does pronation do to the midtarsal joints?

Answer 19

Unlockes them turning the foot into a mobile adaptor

Question 20

What does supination in midstance/terminal stance facilitate?

Answer 20

Progression of COM beyond BOS (toe rocker)

Question 21

What does supination do to the midtarsal joints?

Answer 21

Locks them turning the foot into a rigid lever

Question 22

What does foot pronation during loading response facilitate in the tibia?

Answer 22

Internal rotation

Question 23

What is the moment at the ankle during loading response?

Answer 23

Plantarflexion

Question 24

What are the agonists at the ankle in loading response?

Answer 24

Eccentric dorsiflexors

Question 25

What is the moment at the ankle during midstance?

Answer 25

Dorsiflextion

Question 26

What are the agonists of the ankle during midstance?

Answer 26

Eccentric plantarflexors

Question 27

What is the moment of the ankle during terminal stance?

Answer 27

increasing Dorsiflexion

Question 28

What are the agonists of the ankle during terminal stance?

Answer 28

Eccentric plantarflexors

Question 29

What is the moment of the ankle during pre-swing?

Answer 29

Reducing dorsiflexion

Question 30

What are the agonists of the ankle during pre-swing?

Answer 30

Reducing concentric calf demand

Question 31

What is the moment of the ankle during initial swing

Answer 31

Gravity driven plantarflexion

Question 32

What are the agonists of the ankle during initial swing?

Answer 32

Concentric dorsiflexors

Question 33

What is the moment of the ankle during mid-swing?

Answer 33

Gravity driven plantarflexion

Question 34

What are the agonists of the ankle during mid-swing?

Answer 34

Concentric dorsiflexors

Question 35

What is the moment of the ankle during Terminal swing?

Answer 35

Gravity driven plantarflexion

Question 36

What are the agonists of the ankle during Terminal swing?

Answer 36

Isometric dorsiflexors

Question 37

What 4 muscles control foot pronation during loading response?

Answer 37

Eccentric Inversion muscles: 1. Tibialis posterior 2. Tibialis Anterior 3. Flexor hallicus longus 4. Flexor digitorum longus

Question 38

What 3 muscles control foot supination during midstance-terminal stance?

Answer 38

Concentric inversion muscles 1. Tibialis posterior 2. Flexor hallicus longus 3. Flexor digitorum longus

Question 39

What kind of torque pronates the foot?

Answer 39

Vertical

Question 40

What is lateral sheer force?

Answer 40

Counterclockwise (pronation) torque

Question 41

What increases lateral sheer force in footwear?

Answer 41

Wider platform

Question 42

What increases plantarflexion torque and increases the demand of dorsiflexors in footwear?

Answer 42

Posterior flare