lecture 3/4/5 , q's which do not require drawing

Question 1

c-c bond formation is thermodynamically?

Answer 1

stable (delta g= neg)

Question 2

citrate synthase residues are???

Answer 2

X2 his

X2 asp

Question 3

aconite enzyme function?

Answer 3

take water out and in, to form isocitrate

Question 4

2-oxo-glutarate complec structure

Answer 4

e1: 2-oxo-glutarate decarboxylate
e2: succinyl transferase
e3: dihydrolipoamide DH

Question 5

delta g equations

Answer 5

delta g= deltaH-TdeltaS

delta g= RTln(keq)

Question 6

Anaphoric reactions

Answer 6

ones which are conserved during biosynthesis

Question 7

alternative mechanism to form oxaloacteate?

Answer 7

Pyruvate carboxylated to form oxaloactetate

Question 8

What is required for this alternative pathway of production of oxaloacetate which may be negative to the yield

Answer 8

ATP therefore decreases the yield

Question 9

As acetyle coA is in excess what happens?

Answer 9

reduce its own production to form more oxaloacetate to bind and form citrate

Question 10

regulation requires

Answer 10

energy

Question 11

PDHC has what forms?

Answer 11

Inactive and actie forms

Question 12

phophotase regulation

Answer 12

activated by ca2+

Question 13

PFK regulation

Answer 13

inhibited by ca2+

Question 14

Citrate synthase regulation

Answer 14

inhibited by ATP (excess)

Question 15

Oxoglutarate DHC regulated by

Answer 15

Ca2+ (activation)

Question 16

Pyruvate carboxylase structure

Answer 16

PC-lysine-biotin, long swinging arm (flexible)

Question 17

2 step reaction in which pyvurate is carboxylated

Answer 17

HCO3- + enzbiotin +atp> enz-biotin-c02 + Pi

enz-biotin-co2 (c1) +pyvurate (c3) > biotin-enz + oxaloacetetae (c4)

Question 18

what take sup the co2 within the first step of the reaction? Pyruvate carboxylation

Answer 18

enzyme

Question 19

Substates within gluconeogenesis

Answer 19

1) pyruvate> oxaloacetate> maltate > Oxaloacetate> PEP> fructose 1,6 bis phosphate> fructose 6 phos> glucose 6-phos> glucose

Question 20

Enzyme which controls the formation of oxaloacetetate from pyruvate?

Answer 20

pyruvate carboxylase

Question 21

Maltate to oxaloacetate enzyme

Answer 21

Maltate DH

Question 22

Maltate to pep enzyme

Answer 22

PEP carboxylkinase

Question 23

Fructose1-6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate

Answer 23

fructose bisphophase

Question 24

the enzyme which controls the reverse of Fructose1-6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate

Answer 24

PFK

Question 25

who discovered the glyoxylate pathway?

Answer 25

Hans kornberg

Question 26

Oxaloacetate back to PEP enzyme?

Answer 26

PEP carboxylkinase

Question 27

under what conditions might plants and bacteria use the glyoxylate pathway?

Answer 27

when grown on acetate

fatty acid seeds becoming plants

Question 28

PEP to pyruvate to acetyle CoA what types of reactions??

Answer 28

irrereversible

Question 29

at what point does the glyoxylate pathway differ from the citric acid cycle?

Answer 29

at isocitrate

Question 30

After glyoxylate is formed?

Answer 30

formation of maltate

Question 31

How do bacteria regulate the glyoxylate pathway?

Answer 31

only produce the enzymes required in the presence of acetate.

Question 32

isocitrate splits into? controlled by?

Answer 32

glyoxylate and succinate. Then glyoxylate binds with acetyle CoA to form maltate.

Question 33

another way in which bacteria regulate the glyoxylate pathway?

Answer 33

They have an active (phosphorylated) version of the enzyme and active (not phosphorylated)

isocitrate lyase and maltate synthase

Question 34

In eukaryotes how is the glyoxylate pathway regulated?

Answer 34

regulation: physical separation
- citric acid cycle (mito)
- Glyoxylate pathway happens In glycoxysomes

Question 35

Glycoxysomes

Answer 35

Organells in which the glyoxylate pathway is contained

Question 36

2 enzymes for the glyoxylate pathway

Answer 36

Maltate synthase and isocitarte liase