Lecture 3 Flashcards
Intelligence
the ability to direct your thinking, adapt to your circumstances and learn from your experiences
Alfred Binet
developed intelligence tests to identify slow learners to develop remedial programs
Aptitude
ability to learn or gain proficiency in an area (whether or not you have the ability to learn in an area)
Achievement
measures the amount of info a person has acquired
Mental Age
Based on ability not chronological age
Wechsler Intelligence Test
WPPSI: (preschool)
WISC: (Children)
WAIS: (Adults)
The Flynn Effect
James Flynn found that from one generation to the next there have been steady gains in IQ scores cross culturally.
Hypotheses
more time in school, better educated parents, better nutrition, broader exposure through media
Wechsler’s view of intelligence
“The global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with his/her environment”
Different Intelligence Scales
Verbal Comprehension Scale
Perceptual Reasoning Scale
Working Memory Scale
Processing Speed Scale
Vocabulary
breadth of concepts, ideas and experiences; + correlated with overall IQ
Information
basic fund of information; culturally sensitive
for kids it would be like “what does the stomach do?”
Comprehension
awareness of socially appropriate behavior, rules and roles (for kids: what’s the right thing to do if you lose a ball that belonged to a friend)
Similarities
verbal concept formation, level of abstraction (for kids: in what way are an apple and banana alike)(how are a calculator and a typewriter alike)
Arithmetic
concentration/attention; mathematical ability (can you concentrate, do you work well with story problems)
Digit Span
attention and rote memory
Picture Completion
visual organization and concentration (pick out something missing from a picture)
Block design
perception and analysis of patterns
Digit Symbol
imitative behavior and learning capacity
Self Fulfilling Prophecy
if we expect something to happen in a certain way our expectations will make it so
Intellectual Disability
(intellectual developmental disorder) is a disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains (DSM 5)
Conceptual Skills
language and literacy, money, time and number concepts; self-direction (two quarters not worth more than one dollar)
Social Skills
interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem, gullibility, naiveté (i.e. wariness), social problem solving, and the ability to follow rules/obey laws and to avoid being victimized
Practical Skills
activities of daily living (personal care) occupational skills, healthcare, travel/transportation, scheduled/routines, safety
Organic Cause of Intellectual Disability
over 100 single genetic traits can result in intellectual disabilities
Environmental Cause of Intellectual Disability
teratogens (fetal alcohol syndrome; poor nutrition, disease)
3 componentss of Giftedness
precocity: master acts earlier
march to own drummer: learn in qualitatively different ways
driven to master a subject
Fluid Intelligence
the ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences, the processing part of the brain
Crystallized Intelligence
the ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience
Sternberg’s Three Facets of Intelligence
Practical intelligence: dealing with problems encountered in every day life
Analytical intelligence: abstract reasoning, good test taking skills
Creative intelligence: generate new ideas
