Lecture 3

Question 1

Signal transduction

Answer 1

the process of changing chemical signaling from one form to another

Acts to amplify and diversify intracellular signaling in response to extracellular chemical messengers

Question 2

1st messenger

Answer 2

Generally a neurotransmitter, originates from outside the cell and interacts with a receptor.

Question 3

2nd messenger

Answer 3

cyclic amp or calcium

Question 4

3rd messenger

Answer 4

protein kinase which adds a phosphate group that changes a proteins function

protein phosphatase which when activated removes phosphate groups

Question 5

Phosphatase

Answer 5

3rd messenger that removes a phosphate group to a protein

Question 6

Kinase

Answer 6

A 3rd messenger that adds a phosphate group to a protein

Question 7

4th messenger

Answer 7

Transcription factor which when phosphorylated binds DNA to cause transcription of specific genes into mRNA and then protein

Question 8

Downregulation

Answer 8

In response to a drug or neurotransmitter release, protein kinases can activate specific transcription factors that slow the production of receptors

Question 9

Upregulation

Answer 9

Protein kinases can activate different transcription factors that increase the production of receptors

Question 10

Summarize signal transduction

Answer 10

1st- Neurotransmitter
2nd- cAMP, Ca
3rd- protein kinase/phosphatase
4th- Transcription factor