Lecture 2 Flashcards
Lysosome
Breakdown cellular waste
Neurotransmitter
Contain neurotransmitters to be released
Nucleus
Contains DNA
Mitochondria
Generates cellular energy
Anterograde motor
Transports material from cell body to synaptic terminal
Retrograde motor
Transports material from synaptic terminal to cell body
Protein synthesis
DNA–>RNA–>Protein
Retrograde transmission
Postsynaptic neuron send a signal to the presynaptic neuron
Chemical synaptic transmission
Action potential in nerve terminal opens Ca channels
Ca enters presynaptic terminal which causes membrane fusion
Receptor channels open and Na enters the postsynaptic cell and vesicles recycle.
Name 4 types of synapse classification
Axodendritic
Axoaxonic
Axosomatic
En passant
Axodendritic
Axon onto dendritic spine or shaft
Axosomatic
Axon onto cell body
Axoaxonic
Axon onto another axon
En passant
very small synapse formed by axon
Two modes of chemical transmission
Wired transmission (point to point)
volume transmission (diffusion)
Other than the synaptic terminals where can neurotransmitters be released?
Dendrites (somatodendritic release) where they can stimulate dendritic autoreceptors that self regulate activity of the neuron.
Neurotransmitters fall into two categories name the two categories.
Small molecule and peptides
Name the small molecule neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine, Amines, Amino Acids
What are the four amines?
Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin
Name the amino acids
GABA, Glutamate, Histamine, and glycine
What is the major excitatory neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
What is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter?
GABA
Name two peptide neurotransmitters
Met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin
SSRI
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and block the reuptake of serotonin into the presynatpic terminal
prozac zoloft
What does MDMA do to synaptic transmission?
Promotes the release of serotonin and blocks its reuptake
Synapses are plastic what does that mean?
Many components of synapses change as a result of experience and life events
Name the three glial cells of the brain and what do they each do?
Astrocytes-support cell function as well as intercellular communication
Oligodendrocytes- Synthesize myelin to insulate axons to increase conduction speed
Microglia- Scavenger immune like cells that respond to injury or infection
Astrocytes can do what?
Release and absorb gliotransmitters, maintain the blood brain barrier, and communicate with each othe via calcium
What is the tripartite synapse
The Presynaptic, postsynaptic and glial element (astrocyte)
