Lecture 2

Question 1

Lysosome

Answer 1

Breakdown cellular waste

Question 2

Neurotransmitter

Answer 2

Contain neurotransmitters to be released

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains DNA

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Generates cellular energy

Question 5

Anterograde motor

Answer 5

Transports material from cell body to synaptic terminal

Question 6

Retrograde motor

Answer 6

Transports material from synaptic terminal to cell body

Question 7

Protein synthesis

Answer 7

DNA–>RNA–>Protein

Question 8

Retrograde transmission

Answer 8

Postsynaptic neuron send a signal to the presynaptic neuron

Question 9

Chemical synaptic transmission

Answer 9

Action potential in nerve terminal opens Ca channels

Ca enters presynaptic terminal which causes membrane fusion

Receptor channels open and Na enters the postsynaptic cell and vesicles recycle.

Question 10

Name 4 types of synapse classification

Answer 10

Axodendritic
Axoaxonic
Axosomatic
En passant

Question 11

Axodendritic

Answer 11

Axon onto dendritic spine or shaft

Question 12

Axosomatic

Answer 12

Axon onto cell body

Question 13

Axoaxonic

Answer 13

Axon onto another axon

Question 14

En passant

Answer 14

very small synapse formed by axon

Question 15

Two modes of chemical transmission

Answer 15

Wired transmission (point to point)

volume transmission (diffusion)

Question 16

Other than the synaptic terminals where can neurotransmitters be released?

Answer 16

Dendrites (somatodendritic release) where they can stimulate dendritic autoreceptors that self regulate activity of the neuron.

Question 17

Neurotransmitters fall into two categories name the two categories.

Answer 17

Small molecule and peptides

Question 18

Name the small molecule neurotransmitters

Answer 18

Acetylcholine, Amines, Amino Acids

Question 19

What are the four amines?

Answer 19

Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin

Question 20

Name the amino acids

Answer 20

GABA, Glutamate, Histamine, and glycine

Question 21

What is the major excitatory neurotransmitter?

Answer 21

Glutamate

Question 22

What is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Answer 22

GABA

Question 23

Name two peptide neurotransmitters

Answer 23

Met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin

Question 24

SSRI

Answer 24

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and block the reuptake of serotonin into the presynatpic terminal

prozac zoloft

Question 25

What does MDMA do to synaptic transmission?

Answer 25

Promotes the release of serotonin and blocks its reuptake

Question 26

Synapses are plastic what does that mean?

Answer 26

Many components of synapses change as a result of experience and life events

Question 27

Name the three glial cells of the brain and what do they each do?

Answer 27

Astrocytes-support cell function as well as intercellular communication

Oligodendrocytes- Synthesize myelin to insulate axons to increase conduction speed

Microglia- Scavenger immune like cells that respond to injury or infection

Question 28

Astrocytes can do what?

Answer 28

Release and absorb gliotransmitters, maintain the blood brain barrier, and communicate with each othe via calcium

Question 29

What is the tripartite synapse

Answer 29

The Presynaptic, postsynaptic and glial element (astrocyte)