Lecture 3 Flashcards
What is hippocrates quote relating to the spine and disease?
Get knowledge of the spine for this is the requisite of many diseases
Hippocrates
- Chief Physician in Greece
- Teaching based on assistance to the natural process
Discovered:
1. Manipulation and Importance to good health
2. 2 Techniques, succusion (form of gravity traction.) and subluxation (in which one vertebra appears to stand out more prominently)
Herophilus
- Father of scientific anatomy, first to base is conclusions on dissection of the human body.
- Distinguished the motor from sensory nerves
- Recognized that arteries contain blood, not air.
Priestly Physicians
- In early egyptian times, medicine was practiced more by priests not doctors or physicians
What were the 3 main types of early healers?
- Priest physician
- Lay physician
- Magician Physician
Aristotle
Founder of comparative anatomy
Claudius Galen
First physician to teach the proper position and relation of the vertebrae
Roman Medicine
- Original Roman contributions were made in the fields of public health and hygiene
- In the organization of street sanitation, water supply and public hospitals, the methods of the romans were not surpassed until modern times.
How did arabists elevate professional standards?
Insisted on examinations for physicians before granting a license.
Roger Bacon
First scholar to suggest that medicine should rely on remedies provided by chemistry.
William Harvey
Discovered circulation of the blood (1578-1657)
Marcello Malpighi
Advanced William Harveys work by the discovery of capillaries
J. Evans Riadore
- Father of Nerve Compression Hypothesis
“If an organ is deficiently supplied with nervous energy or blood, IT FUNCTIONS IMMEDIATELY AND SOONER OR LATER ITS STRUCTURE becomes damaged.”
Andrew Taylor Still
- Student of magnetic healer, Paul Caster
- Influenced by the realisation that medical treatments of that time were largely ineffective and in some cases, harmful.
What is the earliest evidence of spinal manipulation?
Prehistoric cave paintings in France (17500 BC) suggest spinal manipulation was practiced.
What ancient civilization documented tissue manipulation around 2700 BC?
The Chinese.
What term did Hippocrates use to describe a form of spinal traction?
‘Succussion” – a form of gravity traction.
What did Hippocrates say about the spine’s importance in health?
“Get knowledge of the spine, for this is the requisite of many diseases.”
Who is considered the father of scientific anatomy?
Herophilus (c. 335-280 BC), who based his conclusions on human dissection.
Who corrected many of Galen’s anatomical errors in the 16th century?
Andreas Vesalius in De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543).
What discovery by William Harvey (1628) marked the beginning of modern medicine?
The circulation of blood by the heart.
What were the four cardinal humours in ancient medicine?
Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.
How did Roman medicine contribute to public health?
They excelled in street sanitation, water supply, and public hospitals.
What was the primary medical philosophy during the Middle Ages?
Folklore mixed with remnants of classical learning, with a focus on expelling demons.
What 18th-century medical theory influenced osteopathy?
The Vitalism vs. Mechanism debate—Vitalism attributed disease to life force imbalances.
Who founded osteopathy and when?
Andrew Taylor Still in 1874.
What event led Still to seek an alternative to traditional medicine?
The death of his children from spinal meningitis.
What is the history of manipulation?
- Used in ancient China, Egypt, and Greece for healing.
- Hippocrates (400 BCE) documented spinal manipulation.
- 19th-century bone setters influenced modern chiropractic and osteopathy.
What is the history of Anatomy?
- Early studies from ancient Egypt (mummies).
- Galen (2nd century) wrote influential texts.
- Renaissance (16th century) Vesalius corrected errors.
- Modern anatomy advanced with technology (MRI, CT scans).
What is the history of Medicine?
- Ancient herbal remedies and rituals.
- Hippocrates emphasized natural causes (not gods).
- Middle Ages relied on Galen’s teachings.
- 19th-century germ theory (Pasteur, Koch) revolutionized medicine.
What is the history of Osteopathy?
- Founded by Andrew Taylor Still in 1874.
- Focused on the body’s ability to heal itself.
- Emphasized hands-on manipulation.
- Evolved into a recognized medical profession (DOs).
