Lecture 3 Flashcards
water is small, so can get inside of what?
macromolecules
water has a _____ heat of vaporisation which means that when we sweat…….
large heat of vaporisation - when we sweat, heat is removed from our bodies to evaporate the water
at most temps and pressures, what is the most predominant state of water and why?
- what is free
- exists in many/not many states (high/low entropy?)
- what types of bonds are made and unmade (is this favourable or unfavourable?)
liquid - is fluid/molecules are free, exists in many states (= high entropy) with hydrogen bonds being made and unmade (favourable)
water has a high heat capacity. what does this mean in terms of buffering?
water temp is a near constant in all bodies of water (TEMPERATURE BUFFER)
why is ice an unfavourable state for water to be in?
in ice - forms rigid hydrogen bonds, single state - low entropy
what forms around non-polar molecules when they are put in water?
water cages or clathrate (crystal) structures
what is the hydrophobic effect?
hydrophilic heads interact with water molecules, hydrophobic parts will cluster/group together to hide from water
is the acid the protonated or deprotonated form?
and conjugate base?
- acid = protonated form
- conjugate base = deprotonated form
what does k1 stand for?
k1 = rate
what does Ka stand for?
Ka = ratio of concentrations
buffering defintion
an acid-case conjugate pair that resists changes in pH in a solution
if pH < pKa
what is protonated/deprotonated?
what form is it in?
pH < pKa - functional group will be in acid form (protonated)
if pH > pKa
what is protonated/deprotonated?
what form is it in?
when pH > pKa - side chain will be in base form (deprotonated)
what does it mean if pH = pKa
equal probability of being protonated or deprotonated
normal blood pH range
7.35-7.45
