Lecture 1 Flashcards
Biochemistry
why is biochemistry universal?
biology can be simply explained using chemical concept (remains consistent universally)
how are biopolymers modular ?
they are large and complex molecules with unique 3D shapes and functions; simple polymers of smaller organic chemical subunits
what are the two first (and smallest) elements ?
hydrogen and helium
hydrogen and helium condensed together to form what?
stars
over 7 billion years, H and He (via ____, ________ and ________ (_, _, _) in stars) made what?
(heat and pressure) larger elements (C, N, O)
what are some functions of ionic elements?
maintain cell’s fluid and electrolyte balance, induction of membrane potential (in catalysis and muscle contraction)
the cooling of earth + condensation of water resulted in what?
aqueous environments - molecules began to form
the lack of gaseous oxygen resulted in what?
a reducing atmosphere (oxidation prevented) –> supported bond formation
lighting and volcanoes resulted in what?
electrical discharges and high energy enviros
what is the monomer name, polymer name and name of the bond formed for:
molecule with a protonated amine group and deprotonated carboxy group
monomer name: amino acid
polymer name: polypeptide (polymer)
name of bond formed: peptide
what is the monomer name, polymer name and name of the bond formed for:
molecule with a phosphate group and a base?
monomer name: nucleotide
polymer name: polynucleotide (nucleic acids)
name of bond formed: phosphodiester
what is the monomer name, polymer name and name of the bond formed for:
ring molecule with a CH2OH group and OH and H groups?
monomer name: saccharide (sugar)
polymer name: polysaccharide
name of bond formed: glycosidic
hydrogen bonds definition
bond between electronegative donor and acceptor atoms though electropositive hydrogen atom
a donor atom is covalently bonded to the hydrogen in a hydrogen bond. true or false?
true
why does an O-H bond produce charge?
polarity
