Lecture 3 Flashcards
Herbert Simon:
- Bounded rationality
- Satisficing
Dual process theories:
System 1 is…
- Automatic
- Fast
- High capacity
- Impulsive
Dual process theories:
System 2 is…
- Controlled
- Slow
- Low capacity
- Inhibitory
Default-interventionist models
Start out with some response tendency that comes to mind intuitively (S1), this can be suppressed or over-ridden by a later response (S2)
Parallel-competitive models
S1 and S2 operate in parallel
Elaboration-Likelihood Model (ELM)
- Central route (evaluate message, S1)
- Peripheral route (use cues, S2)
Reflective impulsive model
- Impulses (environmental cues, affective component, behavioral component)
- Reflection (integrate multiple sources of information) –>
We are more likely to use Reflection if: the decision is important or if we will be held accountable
Inherently satisfying
things like sugar and sex
When does it make sense to rely on intuition?–> FIRE:
Fast, Irrelevant, Repetitive, Evolutionary
Ecological rationality (Gigerenzer et al.)
Not one universal way to be rational, the success of cognitive processes depends on the fit to the context or environmental structure
Self control–> leads to…
achieve long-term goals
Resource model (old view, not supported)
Exerting self-control depletes some internal resource, maybe glucose
The motivational account (new view)
We constantly balance want-to (desires) with have-to (long-term goals)
Goal-oriented tactics of self control
Make goal pursuit easier (sign up for gym membership)
Temptation-oriented tactics for self control
avoid temptations (don’t have candy at home)
Precommitment tactics for self control
Linke automatic saving, deadlines or time limits on social media
People high in self-control…
Don’t resist temptations, but avoid them
Working memory
What we hold in memory right now (limited capacity)
Associative coherence
Activating one concept also activates related concepts (seeing a person leads to a memory)
Priming
Activating a concept automatically activated related concepts (seeing an old person en then walk slower)
Attribute substitution
People sometimes substitute a difficult decision with a similar one that is easier to answer
Processing fluency
Information is used more when it can be processed fluently
Cognitive reflection test (CRT)
Questions that have an intuitive, but wrong response
