Lecture 3 Flashcards
name 7 current pressure healthcare issues
- Expensive Acute/Hospital Care: Need to move more care into the community
- Aging Population: In 30 years, 60+ proportion will double
- Chronic Disease Prevalence: HTN, DM, CVD are leading preventable causes of death
- Patient Complexity: More Age = more comorbidities
- Solo-Physician Practice: No healthcare team; not advancing to meet complex needs
- Rural Turnover: Lots of people leave in the rural setting
- Evaluation of Effectiveness: Hard to do; need to do it to inform decisions, admins, care models
describe the road map for evidence synthesis
- formulation of research question
- development of literature search strategy
- identification and selection of studies
- critical appraisal and data extraction
- synthesis and interpretation of data
- dissemination of findings
which sections of a research article are most helpful in deciding. whether the article is relevant to your topic or should be included in a full text review?
1. abstract and purpose
2. title
3. abstract and methods
4. abstract and conclusions
critical social theory influences nursing as it
1. highlights power imbalances
2. focuses on women and not men
3. makes nurses view things negatively
4. informs nursing research but is not directly relevant to practice
when retrieving evidence to answer your question, which is the most useful resource
1. a high quality single study
2. a systematic review
3. a series of single studies
4. a clinical guideline
a systematic review
objectivity
can the research question be answered in a quantitative approach?
accuracy
all parts of the study follow logically from the problem statement and research question
feasibilty
consideration for whether the study is possible and practical
control
methods to keep study conditions constant during the study
- bias
describe elements in quantitative research (experimental designs) to enhance control
- goal is to maximize degree of control over tested variables- rule out the effect of extraneous variables and bias
can include:
- homogeneous sampling
- consistent data collection
- accurate measurement
- avoiding selection bias
in experimental designs we are manipulating the:
independent variable
what is internal validity
ensuring the results are credible (within the context of experimental designs)
threats to internal validity
historical threats: another concurrent event may effect your outcome of interest
maturation: changes related to age-related developmental processes
testing: changes related to repeated testing
instrumentation: related to changes in instrumentation or measurement
mortality
selection bias
potential threats to external validity
selection effects, measurement effects, reactive effects
control over confounding variable options
randomization; matching; homogeneity; blocking; cross-over; statistical control
