Lecture 3

Question 1

Describe the curve of a population growth graph

Answer 1

S curve before 1800
Logistics growth, limiting factors
As the population reaches carrying capacity, growth slows.
J curve after the 1800s
Explosion growth
Since the industrial rev, we were able to produce more food a day vaccinations, etc

Question 2

Equilibrium of population growth

Answer 2

Births + immigrants = deaths + emigration

Question 3

Equation for ending population

Answer 3

Starting population + (reproductive activity × population × number representing distance from carrying capacity)

Question 4

What happens to the population growth if it is not held in place by environmental resistance

Answer 4

There’s a population explosion resulting in overgrazing and them beginning to die off due to starvation

Question 5

Biotic potential and environmental resistance

Answer 5

Biotic potential remains constant, resistance changes

Question 6

R-strategists

Answer 6

Produce a lot of young,but leave their survival to nature
Low RECRUITMENT
Rapid reproduction
Rapid movement
Short life
Adapted to a rapidly changing env
“Boom-and-bust” population
“Weedy”
“Opportunistic”

Question 7

K-strategists (equilibrial species)

Answer 7

Lower biotic potential
Care for and protect young
Live in a stable environment already populated by the species
Larger, longer lived, adapted to normal env fluctuations
Population fluctuates around carrying capacity

Question 8

R-strategists when humans change the area

Answer 8

Become pests

Question 9

K-strategists when humans change area

Answer 9

Become rarer

Question 10

Unique human characteristics

Answer 10

Thinking, change the env

Question 11

Five major revolutions in human history

Answer 11

Neolithic, industrial, medical, green, environmental

Question 12

Demographic transition (Epidemiologic transition, fertility transition)

Answer 12

Epidemiologic transition happens before the fertility transition, so there is a burst in growth in the population, as fewer people die, until fewer people birth children and the growth steadies again.

Question 13

Global average fertility rates

Answer 13

Globally declining

Question 14

Major causes of mortality in developed countries

Answer 14

Cancer, old age, etc.

Question 15

What caused decline in fertility rates

Answer 15

Education

Question 16

Major causes for mortality rates in developing countries

Answer 16

Illnesses, common cold, treatable diseases

Question 17

Keystone species do:

Answer 17

Moderate species that would take over and allow less-competitive species to flourish

Question 18

Rain shadow

Answer 18

Reduce rainfall at leeward side of mountains

Question 19

Hadley cell

Answer 19

Air rises

Question 20

Soil top layer

Answer 20

Higher humus contents

Question 21

Soil erosion (deforestation)

Answer 21

Increased deforestation to decreased trees to decreased roots to decreased soil stability to soil erosion

Question 22

Soil and global climate change

Answer 22

Biomass decomposition and carbon storage in soils

Question 23

Norman Borlaug (Green rev)

Answer 23

High yield plant properties

Question 24

First gen vs. Second gen of pesticides

Answer 24

More human synthesized, organic matter

Question 25

Concerns with pesticides

Answer 25

Development of resistance, BIOMAGNIFICATION

Question 26

Transpiration

Answer 26

Water vapor passes through stomate from plants to the atmosphere

Question 27

Humidity (in relation to temp)

Answer 27

Air can hold more water vapor at higher temperatures

Question 28

Bog (Wetland restoration)

Answer 28

Located inland, fed only by rainfall, accumulates moss

Question 29

Subsidence in LA (wetland restoration)

Answer 29

Gradual sinking of LA coast - Mississippi River mouth

Question 30

Intrinsic value vs. Instrumental value (Preservation and conservation)

Answer 30

Intrinsic - valued for its own sake
Instrumental - valued for its usefulness

Question 31

Tragedy of the commons

Answer 31

Open access