Exam 3

Question 1

Energy sources (Fossil fuels)

Answer 1

Coal, oil, natural gas

Question 2

Fracking

Answer 2

Pumps hydraulic fluids and sand deep into a well to “fracture” shale to release natural gas or oil
Brings cost of natural gas down
Causes earthquakes

Question 3

Environmental effects: nuclear vs. fossil fuel

Answer 3

Nuclear - generates no sulfur dioxide or carbon emissions

Question 4

Coal as energy

Answer 4

Greatest energy source in us
Generates sulfur dioxide and carbon emissions

Question 5

Major forms of renewable energy in USA

Answer 5

Wind and hydroelectric
- hydropower and dams

Question 6

238U and 235U

Answer 6

Same number proton, different neutrons and atomic mass

Question 7

Green house gases

Answer 7

Contribute to 50% of global warming

Question 8

Where does the greatest global warming happen

Answer 8

Greatest warming happens at high latitudes in northern hemisphere

Question 9

Sea-level rising

Answer 9

Ice and overall warth increases volume ??

Question 10

Ocean acidification

Answer 10

Co2 lowers ph

Question 11

Coral bleaching

Answer 11

Coral expels cells living in them at higher temperatures

Question 12

Three principals of sustainability

Answer 12

The precautionary principle, the polluter pays principle, the equity principle

Question 13

Global warming of 1.5°c will be a disater

Answer 13

All coral reef gone %,÷>×],÷>)%.÷×@

Question 14

Hydroxyl radicals

Answer 14

Remove common pollutants from the troposphere

Question 15

Smog: industrial vs photochemical

Answer 15

Photochemical hot dry climates, sick
Industrial, cool foggy climate, death

Question 16

Ph (define)

Answer 16

Total change in hydrogen concentration

Question 17

Ozone formation in troposphere

Answer 17

Volatile organic carbon + NO
Highly toxic down here
Oxidize molecules in organisms

Question 18

O3 depletion in stratosphere

Answer 18

Essential in stratosphere
Blocks uv
Caused by CFC

Question 19

Chlorine effect on ozone

Answer 19

1 chlorine can destroy 10000 ozone molecules
Can be reused

Question 20

Microplastics

Answer 20

<5 mm

Question 21

EPA’s preferred reduction of msw

Answer 21

Reduction of the source of msw

Question 22

Breakdown of ozone shield (3 reactions)

Answer 22

CFCL3 + UV - CL + CFCL2
CL + O3 - CLO + O2
CLO+CLO - 2CL + O2

Question 23

Buffering capacity - lime (CaCO3)

Answer 23

Substance that has a large capacity to absorb H+ and maintain pH
Lake or river remains close to neutral despite adding acid

Question 24

Primary vs. secondary pollutants

Answer 24

Primary - direct product of combustion, evaporation - particulates, vocabulary, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, heavy metals
Secondary - reaction between primary and atmospheric chemicals - ozone, pans, acids

Question 25

Acid deposition
- sulfuric acid and nitric acid

Answer 25

Acid snow, acid rain, dry fallout, acid fog

Question 26

The precautionary principle (how to apply)

Answer 26

taking precautionary actions

Question 27

The polluter pays principle (how to apply)

Answer 27

Polluters should pay for the damage

Question 28

The equity principle (how to apply)

Answer 28

Rich pollute, poor carry their burden

Question 29

Uranium-235: commonly used…

Answer 29

As a moderator to slow neutrons in a nuclear power plant

Question 30

Principles of toxicology

Answer 30

Dose makes the poison
Threshold level and exposure time

Question 31

4 types of hazard

Answer 31

Biological, cultural, physical, chemical